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Woodruff-8th grade
Woodruff-8th grade test- Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lithosphere is the earth's (water, rock, air) layer | rock |
| Hydrosphere is the Earth's (water, rock, air) layer | water |
| Atmosphere is the Earth's (water, rock, air) layer | air |
| Weathering means (breakdown, carry away) | breakdown |
| Erosion means (breakdown, carry away) | carry away |
| Physical weathering | breakdown and keep the same substance (root action) |
| Chemical weathering | breakdown and get a new substance (rust) |
| Name four forces of erosion | gravity, wind, water and glaciers |
| Wind and moving water make sediments what shape? | round |
| Gravity and glaciers make sediments in what shape? | angular |
| Earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults are found near _____. | plate boundaries |
| Earthquakes produce what kind of waves? | P, S, and L waves |
| ____ waves are primary waves and go through solids and liquids. | P |
| _____ waves are secondary waves that only go through solids. | S |
| _____ waves are longitudinal waves that run along the earth's surface. | L |
| The _____ is the outer layer of earth. | crust |
| The ocean crust is (thinner, thicker) than the continental crust. | thinner |
| What is the earth's second layer? (crust, mantle, inner core, outer core) | mantle |
| ______ in the mantle moves in currents which causes the tectonic plates to move. | magma |
| Which layer of the earth is solid? (crust, mantle, inner core, outer core) | inner core |
| Which layer of the earth is liquid? (crust, mantle, inner core, outer core) | outer core |
| The outer core of the Earth's crust is (solid, liquid). | liquid |
| All the continents fit together as one super continent called | Pangea |
| Magma in the mantle rises through the cracks in the ocean floor causing _________. | seafloor spreading |
| Sea floor spreading is proven by ______ of the rocks with their relationship to the _____ of the crack. | age, distance |
| Daily conditions of the atmosphere | weather |
| Yearly average of the daily weather. | climate |
| Name the four layers of the atmosphere | troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere |
| Which layer of the atmosphere contains water? | troposphere |
| What are the two most abundant gases in the atmosphere? | nitrogen (78%) and oxygen ( 21%) |
| Air temperature is measured with a | thermometer |
| air pressure is measured with a | barometer |
| Humidity is measured with a | hygrometer or psychrometer |
| moisture in the air | humidity |
| wind is caused by | uneven heating of the earth's surface |
| wind speed is measured with a (an) | anemometer |
| wind direction measured with | wind vane |
| Wind is named by _____ | the direction in which it came from |
| Name the three cloud types | cumulus, stratus and cirrus |
| Name five forms of precipitation | rain, hail, snow, sleet, and drizzle |
| Rain is measured with a ____ | rain guage |
| Incoming solar radiation | insolation |
| Warm air (rises, sinks) and cold air (rises, sinks). | rises, sinks |
| What causes the different angles of insolation? | the earth's round shape |
| Deflection or turning of the wind and ocean currents caused by the earth's rotation | coriolis effect |
| Contains the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration | water cycle |
| Climate is affected by 3 things | latitude, bodies of water and mountains |
| The side of the mountain that is near the body of water and receives wind and clouds | windward side |
| The side of the mountain that has very little wind and drier climate | leeward side |
| Air mass gets its characteristics from ____ | the area it's formed over |
| Name the four main types of air masses | polar, tropical, continental, and maritime |
| What type of pressure systems bring dry weather and clear skies? | high |
| What type of pressure system brings cloudy and damp weather? | low |
| A _____ front is when a cold mass pushes on a warm mass | cold |
| A _____ front is when a warm mass pushes on a cold mass | warm |
| ______ is found along fronts | precipitation |
| Lines that connect points of equal temperatures | isotherms |
| Lines that connect points of equal pressure | isobars |
| Harmful substances that cause pollution | pollutants |
| What is it called when carbon dioxide is trapped in the atmosphere causing global warming? | greenhouse effect |
| The earth's spin on an axis is called _____ | rotation |
| The earth's rotation rate is ____ degrees per hour in ____ hours | 15, 24 |
| The apparent motion of the sun and the length of the day is determined by | rotation |
| Orbit around the sun | revolution |
| Earth's revolution rate | 365 days |
| The pull of gravity is (weaker, stronger) closer to the sun | stronger |
| List the three reasons for the seasons | the earth's tilt, revolution, and parallelism of the axis |
| The winter solstice is on ______ | Dec. 21 |
| The summer solstice is on ______ | June 21 |
| The vernal equinox is on ______ | March 21 |
| The autumnal equinox is on ______ | Sept. 23 |
| 9 hours of daylight, and we are in perihelion (close to the sun) | winter solstice- Dec. 21 |
| 15 hours of daylight and we are in aphelion (far from the sun) | summer solstice- June 21 |
| 12 hours of daylight and the sun strikes at the equator | March 21 and Sept. 23 |
| The lower the angle of the sun, the _____ your shadow | longer |
| Low angles of the sun occur _____ and at _____ | winter, sunrise and sunset |
| _____ model is when the sun is in the center | heliocentric |
| Model when the earth in the center | geocentric |
| Name the planets | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune |
| _____ separates the solid planets from the gaseous planets which are between Mars and Jupiter | Asteroid belt |
| The farther the planet is from the sun, the longer the _______ | revolution |
| The ____ orbits the Earth and spins on its axis at a rate of _____ days | Moon, 29 1/2 |
| The moon's revolution equals its _____ | rotation |
| The ______ of the moon are the changes in the shape caused by the earth's view of the moon | phases |
| The six phases of the moon are | new, crescent, half, gibbous, and full |
| A _____ occurs when the earth, sun and moon line up | eclipse |
| A _____ eclipse occurs when the moon passes through the earth's shadow | lunar |
| A ____ eclipse occurs when the moon casts its shadow on the earth | solar |
| The earth's _____ are caused by the moon's gravity | tides |
| In space a rock is called a _____ | meteoroid |
| In the atmosphere, a rock is called a _____ and on earth it is called a ____ | meteor, meteorite |
| The earth is in the solar system which is in the ______ galaxy which is in the ______ | Milky Way, universe |
| light year | distance light travels in one year |
| The color of the star determines its _____ | temperature |
| A red star has a ______ temperature | cool |
| A blue star has a ______ temperature | hot |
| ______ is the main fuel of the sun | Hydrogen |
| ______ and dust make a star. | Gas |
| Star life cycle: star to stable star to compact star to _______ to nova to _______ | red giant, white dwarf |
| All rocks are composed of ______. | minerals |
| Physical properties of minerals are ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____. | streak, hardness, color, luster, cleavage |
| Chemical properties of minerals are tested by the _____ test | acid |
| The internal arrangement of atoms determines the mineral's _______. | properties |
| Hot liquid rock below the crust is called ______ and above the crust is called _____. | magma, lava |
| Igneous rock is made by cooling ______. | magma |
| Sedimentary rocks are made by ______ and ______ | compression and compaction |
| _______ rocks contain fossils. | sedimentary |
| _____ rocks are any rocks exposed to magma again causing heat and pressure | Metamorphic |
| The ____ rock layer is on the bottom. | oldest |
| A wavy line in a rock means | erosion |
| Black hair-like lines in rocks means _____. | magma made contact |
| Latitude lines are _____ and ____ and never touch. | North, South |
| Longitude lines are ____ and ____ and meet at the poles. | east, west |
| Contour lines connect equal points of ______. | elevation |
| The contour _____ connect equal points of elevation. | lines |
| As you increase in elevation or altitude, air pressure _____. | decreases |
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seagullq
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