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Bio110 Chapter 3

Cells

QuestionAnswer
Cells are the smallest ________ subunits of a multicellular organism Living
The Cell/Plasma membrane is _____________ permeable Selectively
Cell membranes are made of Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins
Phospholipid bilayer is a _________ layer Double
Phospholipid bilayer allows lipid soluable compounds to move in and out of the cell by Diffusion
These form pores and transporters in the cell membrane Proteins
This provides stability for the cell membrane Cholesterol
Proteins form __________ in combination with oligosaccharides Antigens
Proteins require _________ sites for hormones receptor
Ribosomes are the site of _________ synthesis Protein
Proteosomes are the site of ___________ of damaged proteins destruction
ATP is produced in the cells Mitochondria
This synthesizes carbohydrates and secrete materials from the cell Golgi Apparatus
The passageway for transport fo materials with in the cell is called the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum can be classified as Smooth or Rough
This digests worn-out cell parts or ingested bacteria Lysosomes
This organizes the spindle fibers during cell division Centrioles
These sweep materials across the cells surface Cilia
This provides motility for sperm cells Flagellum
This increases surface area for absorption by the cell Microvilli
Ribosomes are made of protein and ribosomal ____ RNA
Mitochondria has a double-membrane structure. In the inner membrane the folds are called Cristae
This is a series of flat membranous sacs Golgi Apparatus
This is a barrel-shaped enzymatic structure Proteasome
This has two rod-shaped structures perpendicular to one another Centrioles
These are short thread-like projections through the cell membrane Cilia
All cells contain a nucleus except Mature Red blood cells
This is a bundle of DNA, RNA & protein/enzymes Nucleolus
The nucleolus contains 46 Chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of threads called Chromatin
The genetic code for 1 protein is called a Gene
The liquid solution of dissolved minerals, gases, and other molecules is called Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm contains Organelles
These are made of proteins and ribosomal RNA Ribosomes
These organelles break the peptide bonds of proteins Proteasomes
_________ endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes on its surface Rough
Rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins in the Ribosomes
_________ endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes Smooth
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes Lipids
The _______ __________ are flat membranous sacs stacked like pancakes Golgi Apparatus
Carbohydrates are synthesized and packaged in the _______ __________ Golgi Apparatus
When materials are released out of the cell it is called Exocytosis
These are the powerhouse of the cell Mitochondria
Mitochondria produce ____ ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Lysosomes are responsible for the digestion of bacteria during ______________ of WBC's Phagocytosis
These cause inflammation that can damage healthy tissue if not controlled Lysosomes
Centrioles organize spindle fibers that separate chromaosomes during Cell Division
These are hair-like projections on certain cells Cilia
Flagella provide __________ for the cell Motility (moves the cell)
The only human cell with a flagellum is The sperm cell
Folds of the cell membrane that increase surface area are Microvilli
Microvilli increase free surface area of a cell to increase Absorption
These are pinched off plasma membranes from phagocytosis Vacuoles
The framework or support of the cell is called the Cytoskeleton
When a cell takes in material it is called Endocytosis
When a moving cell engulfs something it is called Phagocytosis
When a stationary cell engulfs something it is called Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis creates _________ within the cell Vacuoles
The mechanisms to move substances in and out of the cell are called Cellular Transport Mechanisms
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called Diffusion
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called Osmosis
Water moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration until _______________ is reached Equilibrium
A solution is said to be _________ when it has the same concentration of solutes as our cells Isotonic
A solution is said to be __________ when it has a lower concentration of solutes as our cells Hypotonic
A solution is said to be __________ when it has a higher concentration of solutes as our cells Hypertonic
The diffusion of molecules through a membrane with help from proteins in the cell membrane Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion uses proteins called Transporters or carrier enzymes
Glucose and amino acids are used in facilitated diffusion as Transporters or carrier enzymes
Active transport moves molecules __________ the concentration gradient Against
The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient with the use of ATP is Active transport
Active transport requires _________ to move molecules against the concentration gradient Energy (ATP)
Substances forced through a membrane by mechanical pressure is called Filtration
Blood pressure is used to filter substances out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces during Filtration
In ____________ kidney cells engulf proteins to reabsorb them Pinocytosis
The process of Moving cells engulfing bacteria or damaged particles Phagocytosis
This is a twisted double strand of nucleotides DNA
The sequence of A, T, G, C in DNA determines the Genetic code
The entire code in a strand of DNA is called The genome
The genetic code for one protein is called a Gene
Each amino acid comes from a triplet of 3 bases called a Codon
Protein synthesis occurs in the Ribosomes
The process of turning DNA into mRNA is called Transcription
DNA is made in the _________ of the cell Nucleus
DNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a Ribosome
A protein being made from mRNA via tRNA is called Translation
Translation occurs in the ____________ of the cell Cytoplasm
Transfer RNA (tRNA) attaches to the mRNA at a site called the Anticodon
The anticodon is complimentary to the Codon
tRNA picks up a corresponding amino acid and forms ____________ bonds to make a protein Peptide
There are two types of cell division, they are Mitosis & meiosis
One cell divides into two identical cells both having a full set of chromosomes in Mitosis
A full set of chromosomes in the cell is called Diploid
Mitosis is how we ______ & _______ Grow and repair
One cell divides into four cells each having half the full number of chromosomes in Meiosis
Having half of the chromosomes is called a _______ cell Haploid
Gametes are made through ________ meiosis
The phases of Mitosis are IPMAT Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
_________ is not an actual phase but rather the cell resting (not dividing) Interphase
DNA replication takes place during during __________ of mitosis Interphase
Chromosomes (2 chromatids- the original DNA plus its copy) coil up during this phase Prophase
The nuclear membrane disappears during this phase Prophase
During this phase the centrioles move to opposite ends and extend spindle fibers to the chromosomes Prophase
During this phase the chromosomes line up in the middle Metaphase
Centromeres attach to spindle fibers and divide so there are 2 complete sets of chromosomes during this phase Metaphase
During prophase the _________ membrane disappears nuclear
During this phase of mitosis the spindle fibers pull chromosomes to each pole anaphase
During this phase of cell division chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin telophase
During telophase the ________ membrane reforms nuclear
During ______________- cytoplasm divides and the cell membrane closes off cytokinesis
Meiosis results in the production of gametes
One diploid cell divides twice to form __ haploid cells 4
A cell with 23 chromosomes is called a haploid cell
A cell with 46 chromosomes is called a diploid cell
Haploid cells have _____ of the DNA of a normal diploid cell half
The generation of an egg in the ovary is called oogenesis
Meiosis occurs in the ________ of a woman ovaries
The generation of a sperm cell is called spermatogenesis
spermatogenesis occurs in the testes
Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries
The process of ____ __________ enables each chromosome to make a copy of itself DNA Transcription
The time between mitotic divisions is called interphase
Self-destruction or programmed cell death is called apoptosis
Apoptosis is the necessary function of programmed cell death or Self-destruction
The control center of the cell is the Nucleus
Intracellular structures with specific functions are called organelles
____________ of an egg by a sperm restores the diploid number of chromosomes Fertilization
What is the amount of energy and heat produced per unit of time called Metabolic rate
Created by: pamela0116
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