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specimens
test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where and when should a specimen be labeled? | beside the patient immediately after collection |
| C & S | used to determine the infectious agent causing infection |
| what on label? | type of specimen, when sent to lab, when taken, patient name and birth date |
| types of urine collection | routine voiding, midstream, catheter specimen, straight cath, 24-hour collect, urine sugar and Acetone (S&A) |
| 24-hour collect special notes | time begins after first void, every void goes in container, place sign in room, must be on ice or refrigerated, must start over if missed void |
| urine sugar and acetone | fro patients on TPN (total Parenteral Nutrition) |
| stool specimens | O&P (ova and parasite), C&S, or blood occult |
| who performs a blood occult stool test? | the nurse or person collecting |
| sputum specimen is for: | cultivation of microorganisms |
| throat swabs | do before they eat or at least an hour after--avoiding vomiting and food particles |
| wound drainage | collect from inside the wound |
| types of specimen collection | urine, stool, vaginal, wound, throat, sputum |
| polyuria--aka diuresis | abnormal amounts of urine |
| oliguria/anuria | absent or scant urine output;less than 100ml in 24 hrs; should be at least 30 ml an hour |
| nocturia | night time voiding |
| urgency | sensation to go regardless of need |
| Dysuria | painful urination |
| hesitancy | delay and difficulty starting the void; common prostate problem |
| dribbling | leaking between voids |
| enuresis | periodic incontinence, despite usual continence |
| retension | lack of ability to urinate |
| incontinence | inability ton control elimination; can be urinary or bowel |
| types of incontinence | stress, urge, reflex, functional, total, overflow |
| stress | due to pressure on bladder |
| urge | after strong sense of urgency |
| reflex | involuntary loss at predictable intervals |
| funtional | inability to get to the bathroom or undress |
| overflow | bladder doesn't get completely emptied upon voiding |
| when can the bladder be palpated? | only when it is full will it rise above the symphasis pubis |
| assessment of urinary elimination includes | history, palpation of bladder, meatus (color redness pain), urine (amt, clarity, color, odor, pH, protein, specific gravity, glucose, keytones, blood) |
| hematuria | blood in urine |
| pyuria | puss in urine |
| proteinuria | protein in urine |
| ketonuria | keytones in urine |
| nursing diagnosis related to urinary | incontinence (stress/total/urge/functional/reflex); risk for infection; self-care deficit, toileting; risk for imparied skin integrity; altered urinary elimination; urinary retention |
| external catheter | condom or texas catheter |
| assessment of bowel | history, inspection for distension, auscultate before palpation, assess stool, condition of skin around anus |
| types of enemas | cleansing(stimulates peristalsis by irritating the colon), retention (introduces oil in the rectum-hold for 30 min), kayexelate/steroid. |
Created by:
laceynickie
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