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A&Plec3
CU LEC 3: Test 1.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. If the body is lying face down | , it is in the prone position. |
| 2. If the body is lying face up | , it is in the supine position. |
| 2. Examples of regional names include the following: | cranial (skull), thoracic (chest), brachial (arm), patellar (knee), cephalic (head), and gluteal (buttock). |
| 1. Directional terms | are used to precisely locate one part of the body relative to another and to reduce the length of explanations. |
| Principal planes include: | sagittal (parasagittal) and midsagittal, frontal (coronal), transverse (cross sectional or horizontal) and oblique. |
| 2. A section is and they are named according | a cut of the body or an organ made along one of the planes. they are named according to the plane on which the cut is made and include transverse, frontal, sagittal, midsagittal, and oblique sections. |
| Body cavities are | spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs. |
| The cranial cavity is formed by | the cranial bones and contains the brain. |
| The vertebral (spinal) canal is formed by | the bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord. |
| a. Three layers of protective tissue, called what, do what? | meninges, line the cranial and vertebral cavities. Each layer is continuous between the two cavities. |
| 3. The thoracic cavity is contains smaller cavities including the mediastinum and two pleural cavities. | |
| a. The mediastinum is | a broad, median partition between the lungs that extends from the sternum - vertebral column, - 1st rib to the diaphragm. The mediastinum contains all organs of the thoracic cavity except the lungs. |
| b. The pleural cavities enclose | |
| 4. The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into | |
| a. Viscera (organs) of the abdominal cavity include the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. | the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. |
| b. Viscera of the pelvic cavity include | portions of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and internal female and male reproductive structures. |
| A thin, slippery ___________covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen. | serous membrane |
| This serous membrane has two aspects or layers, which are continuous with each other: | visceral and parietal layers |
| The visceral layer | covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities. |
| The parietal layer | lines the walls of the cavities. |
| The serous membranes include | the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. |
| The pleural membrane | surrounds the lungs. |
| The visceral pleura | clings to the surface of the lungs. |
| The parietal pleura | lines the chest wall. |
| the pericardium | surrounds the heart. |
| this membrane covers the surface of the heart. | The visceral layer of the serous pericardium |
| this membrane lines the portion of the mediastinal chest wall that surrounds the heart. | The parietal layer of the serous pericardium |
| what is the third membrane of the heart? this is the reason for the different labeling of the heart's membranes | The heart also has a fibrous outer covering called the fibrous pericardium. |
| The peritoneum is | the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity. |
| The visceral peritoneum | covers the abdominal viscera. |
| The parietal peritoneum | lines the abdominal wall. |
| the pleural cavity is | located between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura. |
| The pericardial cavity is | located between the visceral and parietal layers of the serous pericardium. |
| The peritoneal cavity is | located between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum. |
| there is a normally a small amount of serous fluid between the two layers of a serous membrane, what does this do? | This helps to reduce friction and also allows the viscera a slight sliding motion during body movements. |
| AN effusion | more than normal amount of fluid can accumulate in a body cavity. |
| a paracentesis does what? what is the layman's term? when is this procedure done? what cavity is this usually in reference to? | Operation to remove some of the fluid. used in theraputic purposes and diagnostic. often called a tap in layman's terms. This is usually used for the peritoneal cavity |
| A thoracocentesis is used to..... what is the other way that this procedure could be preformed? | |
| A pericardiocentesis is performed | to drain a pericardial effusion. |
| If the effusion is significant enough to prevent proper cardiac function, the condition is a ___________. | pericardial tamponade (which requires an emergency pericardiocentesis at the patient’s bedside.) |
| 1. To describe the location of organs easily, the abdominopelvic cavity may be divided a couple of different ways: | 9 regions and 4 quadrents |
| 9 regions:are | R/L hypochondriac, R/L lumbar, R/L inguinal (iliac), epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric (pubic) regions |
| 4 quadrants: | Dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants and referencing these as right or left, upper or lower, quadrants (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ) is a common practice in the clinical setting. |
Created by:
jseekins
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