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blood /cardiovascul
chapter 14 blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what 2 key components make up whole blood? | blood plasma and formed elements |
| what 3 key components make up blood plasma? | water,proteins, other solutes |
| what are thye 3 main proteins found in blood | albumins,globulins,fibrinogen |
| what are the 6 solutes comonly found in blood? | electrolytes,nutreint,gases regulateing substances,vitamins,waste products |
| what is the definition of a formed element? | cells or cell fragments |
| what are the 3 classes of formed elements? | red/white blood cells and platelets |
| what are the 5 classes of red blood cells? | neutrophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,eosinophils,basophils |
| what is the realationship between erthrocytes and erythropoesis? | erythrocytes are red blood cells and erythropoesis is the formation of rbc's |
| what is the realationship between reticulocytes and red blood cells? | reticulocytes are young red blood cells that has most of the organelles that most other cells have whereas a rbc is adult and has only the nucleus and a few othe organeles and both consist of hemoglobin but the rbc has more |
| what is the role of a neutrophil? | destruction of bacteria |
| what is the role of monocytes? | thyey transform into fixed or wandering macrophages |
| what is the role of eosinophil? | combats the effects of hisimine in allergic reaction |
| what is the role of basophil? | increases inflamation in allergic reactions (histamine,heparin,seratonin) |
| what is the role of b,t and natural killer cells? | mediate immune response |
| what is hemestasis? | sequential responsethat stops bleeding whaen blood vessels are injured |
| what are three methods of reduction of blood loss? | clotting,vascular spasm,platelet plug formation |
| what is a hemorage? | a loss of a large amount of blood from th blood vessels |
| how does a vascular spasm aid hemostasis? | vascular spasms reduce blood loss letting oither operations of hemostasis take affect |
| how does platelet plug formation aid in hemostasis? | platelet plug formation helps fill gap in the injured blood vessel wall thus letting hemostasis begin |
| how does clotting aid in hemostasis? | clotts coagulate the blood in the injured area and makes it easier for hemostasis take place |
| what is the difference in a thrombus and a embolus? | thrombus is a clot, embolus is a blood clot, bubble of air,fat from brocken bones,or a peice of debris transported by bloodstream |
| what is a pulmunary embolism and what are they dangerous? | the blood flow is slower and the most common site for an embolism is the lungs, it is dangerous because it can kill you within minutes or hours |
| what makes one blood group different from another? | the presence of or absence of different antigens |
| how is type a blood different then type b blood? | wether or not a person has antigen a or antigen b |
| how is type ab blood different from ype a or b blood? | it has both a and b antigen present |
| what does a anti-a antibody do?what does a anti-b antibody do? | anti a antibody reacts with the a antigen. anti b antibody reacts with the b antigen. |
| who has an anti a antibody?who does not? | people with type a blood have it or type 0 have it . people with type ab or type b dont |
| who has an anti b antibody? who doesnt? | type b bloodand type 0 have it. people with type ab or type a dont |
| what happens in an incompatable blood transfusion? | the receiver can either not have hemolysis or it could have no affect |
| whats the difference in rh+ blood and rh- blood? | if your rh+the rh antigen is in the blood if yur rh- it is not |
| what is an anemia and what are the symptoms of an anemia? | a condition where the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced. fatige, cant stand cold,pale skin |
| what is the cause of iron defetiance anemia? | caused by insufiociantabsorbtion,or intake of iron orloss of iron |
| what is the cause of pernicious anemia? | cuased by insufiteint amount of hemopoesis resulting from an inability of the stomach to absord the vitamin b12 |
| what is the cause of hemmoragic anemia? | caused by loseing large amounts of rbc'sthrough bleeding from large wounds, stomach ulcers,or espetialy heavy menstration |
| what is the cause of hemolytic anemia? | rbc's plasma membrane ruptures prematurely |
| what is the cause of thalassemia? | hereditary hemolytic anemias in wich there is an abnormality in one or more of the 4 polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin molocule |
| what is the cause of aplastic anemia? | caused by destruction of red bone marrow caused by toxins, gamma radiation, or certain medications that inhibit enzymes needed in hemopoesis |
| what are the symptoms and causes of sickle cell anemia? | contain abnormal kind of hemoglobin termed hb s .symptoms are prolonged lack of oxygen that can cause tissue dammage |
| what are the causes and symptoms of hemophilia? | inherited defeciency of cloting in wich bleeding may occur spontanioslyor only after minor trauma.symptoms are nosebleeds,blood in urine,and hemmorages in joints that produce pain and tissue damage |
| what are the causes and symptoms of leukimia? | disease of blood where theres uncontroled production and accumulation of immature leukocytes is acute leukimia. chronic leukimia is mature leukocytes accumulate in the blood stream because they live longer than they should crowding out normal life |
Created by:
benhawkins19
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