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A&Plec1
LEC 1: Test 1.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy may be defined as | the study of body structures and the relationships among structures |
| Physiology is the study of | how body structures function |
| Anatomy and physiology are intimately linked because | “structure determines function. |
| The human body consists of several levels of structural organization | Chemical (atomic), cell, tissue, organ, organ system, Organism. |
| The chemical level includes | atoms, the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions, and molecules, two or more atoms that are joined together |
| Cells are the | basic structural and functional units of an organism. |
| Tissues consist of | groups of similarly specialized cells and the substances surrounding them; they perform a particular function. The four basic tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. |
| Organs are structures | of definite form that are composed of two or more different tissues types and have specific functions |
| Systems consist of | related organs that have a common function |
| An organism is defined as... | a collection of structurally and functionally integrated systems that can carry out specific life processes. Six key life processes in humans are metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction |
| Integumentary | a. Anatomy: skin & associated structures (hair, nails, and sweat/oil glands) b. Physiology: i. Regulates body temperature ii. Protects the body iii. Eliminates some wastes iv. Helps make Vitamin D v. Detects sensations. |
| Skeletal | a. Anatomy: bones, joints, and associated cartilage b. Physiology: i. Supports and protects the body ii. Provides a surface area for muscular attachments iii. Aids in body movements iv. Houses cells that produce blood cells v. Stores minerals and l |
| Muscular. | a. Anatomy: skeletal muscle b. Physiology: i. Participates in body movements ii. Stabilizes posture iii. Generates heat. |
| Nervous | CNS (brain & spinalcord), and PNS nervs sense organs.) Regulates body thru nerve impulses. detects change in body’s internal and external environments, interpreting these changes, and responding to these changes by causing muscular contracor gland secre |
| 5. Endocrine | Anatomy: all glands & tissues produce hormones. (...pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, endocrine pancreas, gonads. Physiology: Regulates body by releasing hormones (chemical regulators transported by bloodtarget organs) |
| 6. Cardiovascular | Anat: heart, blood, and blood vessels Phys: The heart pumps blood thru bvessels B. carries O2 and nutrients to & CO2& wastes away. B. regulate pH balance, temp,&H2O content of body fluids Blood components repair damage b-vessels, &defend against disease |
| 7. Lymphatic / Immune | Anatomy: lymphatic fluid (lymph) & vessels, lymphocytes (B-,T-, and NK-cells, and other associated cells), lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, and spleen PHYS:` Returns proteins and fluid to the CV system Carries lipids from GI tract to blood protect...dis |
| 8. Respiratory | Anatomy: lungs and airways (nasal and oral cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli PHYS: Facilitates gas exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and blood ii. Helps regulate pH of body fluids iii. Aids in producing sound |
| 9. Digestive anatomy | Anatomy: GI tract (oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus), and the accessory digestive structures (salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas). |
| Digestive physiology | Physiology: Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food ii. Absorbs nutrients iii. Eliminates solid wastes |
| parts of the colon | (the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions) |
| The large intestine includes what? | includes the cecum (to which the appendix is attached), colon (the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid portions), rectum, and anal canal |
| 10. Urinary anatomy | a. Anatomy: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra |
| Urinary physiology | Produces, stores, and eliminates urine ii. Eliminates wastes, and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood iii. Helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids iv. Maintains the body’s mineral balance v. Helps regulate production of RBCs |
| 11. Reproductive anatomy | Anatomy: gonads and associated structures: i. Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes (aka uterine tubes, or oviducts), uterus, vagina, and mammary glands ii. Males: testes, epididymides, ductus (vas) deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis |
| reproductive physiology |
Created by:
jseekins
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