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9A Digestion @ AJHS

QuestionAnswer
absorbed When soluble substances go through the wall of the small intestine into the blood.
amylase An enzyme found in saliva that breaks starch down into sugar.
anus The opening at the end of the gut.
appendix Small tube branching off the large intestine. It has no function in humans.
artery Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
balanced diet Eating a wide variety of foods to give us all the things that we need.
blood Liquid that flows around the body carrying various substances which are either made by the body or needed by the body.
blood vessel Tubes in which blood flows. There are capillaries, veins and arteries.
capillaries Tiny tubes that carry blood.
carbohydrate Substance found in food that is used for energy.
chemical energy Energy stored in chemicals like food.
circulatory system System containing the heart and blood vessels.
constipation When the intestines get blocked up.
contract Something gets smaller.
diet The food that you eat.
digestion Process that breaks food into soluble substances in our bodies.
digestive juices A liquid containing enzymes that break down food.
digestive system A group of organs that carry out digestion.
egestion When faeces are pushed out of the anus.
enzyme A chemical that can break up large molecules.
faeces Waste food material produced by the intestines.
fat Substance found in food that is stored to be used for energy in the future. It also helps to keep heat in our bodies.
feeding Putting food into your mouth. Also called ingestion.
fibre Substance found in food which cannot be used by the body. It helps to keep our intestines clean.
gullet Tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. Sometimes called the ‘food pipe’ but properly called the oesophagus.
gut All the organs of the digestive system apart from the mouth.
heart Organ that pumps blood around the body.
heart disease Disease caused by narrowing of the arteries carrying the blood to the muscles of the heart, so the heart muscles do not receive enough oxygen.
ingestion Putting food into your mouth.
insoluble Something that does not dissolve is said to be insoluble.
kilojoule (kJ) Unit of energy used on food packets. There are 1000 J in 1 kJ.
large intestine Organ that takes water out of waste food.
mineral Properly called a ‘mineral salt’ and found in food. Needed in small quantities for health (e.g. calcium).
molar Grinding tooth at the back of the mouth.
nutrients Substances needed in the diet to provide raw materials.
nutrition information Information label found on a food packet to tell you what is in the food.
protein Substance found in food that is used for growth and repair.
raw materials Substances used to make other substances out of.
rectum Organ that stores faeces before they are egested.
respiration Process that uses up oxygen to release energy from food. Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste gas.
saliva A digestive juice. It contains an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar.
salivary gland Found in the mouth. It makes saliva.
small intestine Organ where most digestion happens. The soluble substances produced by digestion are absorbed into the body here. It is about 6.5 m long in adults.
solvent A liquid that can dissolve other substances.
starch Type of insoluble carbohydrate found in plants.
stomach Organ containing strong acid which mixes food up and digests proteins.
sugar Type of soluble carbohydrate. Glucose is an example of a sugar.
tissue A group of cells of the same type all doing the same job.
tissue fluid A liquid that leaks out of capillaries carrying dissolved food and oxygen to cells.
vein Blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart.
villi Small finger-like parts of the small intestine. They increase the surface area so that digested food is absorbed more quickly. Singular = villus.
vitamin Substance found in food that is needed in small quantities for health (e.g. vitamin C).
water A compound made of hydrogen and oxygen which the body uses as a solvent.
Created by: johncl
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