Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Boyce Final
everything from his class the whole year
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| first law of thermodynamics | energy cannot be created or destroyed. Energy is transferred between a system and its surroundings. Energy is never "lost" it is made up fro in heat and work. |
| hypothesis | a possible explanation of an event that is assumed for the purpose of testing it. |
| law | a rule that udner every circumstance the outcome remains the same. |
| purpose of scientific method | a tool to guide scientific problems and thought in an organized and logical manner |
| scientific method steps: | 1.) state problem. 2.) gather info. 3.) form hypothesis 4.) design experiment. 5.) collect data/results 6.) conclusions |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| work | the transfer of energy that involves a force acting throuhg a distance |
| radiation | the movement of energy in the form of short waves (toaster, the sun) |
| convection | the movement of energy through currents in heated materials |
| conduction | the movement of energy throuhg physical contact (molecule on molecule) |
| kinetic energy | the energy of motion |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| thermal energy | heat energy |
| chemical energy | energy that is stored in the chemical bonds that hold molecules together |
| watt | unit of electrical energy (amps x volts) |
| kilo-watt | 1,000 watts |
| kilo-watt hour (kWh) | how much electricity is used per hour |
| global warming | rising in global temperature |
| greenhouse effect | the natural phenomenom using gg's to trap solar energy in earth's atmosphere. |
| anthropogenic | human view |
| anthropocentric | human-centered |
| nuclear fusion | it's the sun, accoutns for 99.9% of earths' energy; sun = hugh fusion reactor; heat and light |
| radioactive decay | .013% of energy on earth; geothermal |
| gravity | hydropower: tidal (moon's gravity) dams (earth's gravity); .002% of earths' energy |
| space debris | .001%; meteorites: burns/makes friction and makes earth a little warmer (not significantly, but needs to be accounted for) |
| electricity (definition) | movement of charged particles along/through a conductive path |
| electrical generations | electrons (-) start at the beginnning of a current in an elctricmagnetic field |
| compositon of all resources | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| division of earth: | biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere |
| atmosphere | the air |
| biosphere | base of all living thins, where all spheres intersect |
| hydrosphere | the water |
| geosphere | the earth |
| layers of atmosphere: | troposhere, stratosphere (ozone location), mesosphere, therrmosphere |
| what do temperatures do within the 4 layers of atmosphere? | as you get higher, they go up |
| what does density do when altitude increases in the atmosphere? | as altitude goes up, density goes down |
| water cycle (steps) | runoff, infaltration & transpiration (if it;s coming from the erath... not lake, ocean.. etc), evaporation, condensation, precipitation |
| four drivers of water cycle | sun, gravity, coriolis effect(result of earth spinning) and thermodynamics |
| human influence on atmosphere | 1.) extracted fossil fuels must be transported from location of extraction to location of use (emissions) 2.) fossil fuels must be refined prior to use (emissions!) |
| human influence on bisophere | 1.) fossil fuels are found underground and often underwater. 2.) to extract fossil fuels, ground/earth must be moved/disturbed 3.) extracted fossil fuels must be transported from location of extraction to location of use 4.) fosisl fuels must be refined |
| human influence on hydrosphere: | 1.) fossil fuels are found underground and often underwater. 2.) to extract fossil fuels, ground/earth must be moved/disturbed 3.) extracted fossil fuels must be transported from location of extraction to location of use 4.) fosisl fuels must be refined |
| human influence on geosphere: | 1.) to extract fossil fuels, ground/earth must be moved/disturbed 2.) extracted fossil fuels must be transported from location of extraction to location of use 3.) fosisl fuels must be refined prior to use |
| types of human activity/influence on electrical generation | population demands more electricity |
| types of human activity/influence on transportation | population demands more transportation |
| cause of acid rain: | coal + car gasoline release high sulfur and nitrogen oxides, forms acid rain when oxides are mixed with water |
| cause of hole in the ozone layer: | CFC's from aerosols (old refrigeradors, inhalers) |
| cause of polar ice caps melting: | average global temperature rising... enhanced greenhouse effect |
| cause of animal extinction: | anthropocentric... polar bears becuase of global warming... we kill mass #'s of coyotes because they eat our cows |
| average global temperature in last 20 years: | warmest on record; co2 levels highest in recorded history |
| significance of energy use change since the Industrial revolution | pre 1850: wood, bio-mass. post 1850: coal. 1920: ford introduced its automobile. post-1920: relying heavily on gasoline for transportation in cars |
| 1970's oil embargo and transportation: | gas shortage, people forced to find alternatives: bought more fuel-efficient cars; carpooled; drove less |
| 1970's oil embargo and fuel costs | skyrocketed: (not as high as now but still...) price per gallon ^43%, price per barrel ^130% |
| 1970's oil embargo and alternative energy use and research | discovered mayn in this time: wind, solar... people learned the importance of conserving energy and turning to alt. fuel sources |
| current political situation regarding the 70's oil embargo: | w/ war in iraq & current administration, another oil embargo could very much easily happen |
| what is the world distribution of coal | on every continent |
| what type of fuel is coal? | fossil fuel |
| what is coal's chemical composition? | hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur |
| coals uses? | electricity generation, used to be used for train fuel |
| coal positives? | abundant, easy to harness its energy, high energy content |
| coal negatives? | greenhouse gases, depleting (overuse; next 200 yrs), nonrenewable |
| price of coal? | cheap |
| location of oil/petroleum? | mostly mid. east |
| oil/petroleum is what kind of fuel? | fossil fuel |
| chemical composition of oil/petroleum | mixture of hydrocarbons |
| natural gas location? | all around world, esp. russia, north america, mid east |
| natural gas is what type of fuel? | fossil fuel |
| chemical composition of natural gas? | methane and ethane |
| uses of natural gas? | heating, cooking, electricity, industrial purposes, transportation |
| positives of natural gas? | cleanest burning f.f., we're more efficient at extracting it than we are coal or petroleum, abundant(ish) |
| negatives of natural gas? | greenhouse gas emissions, nonrenewable |
| price of natural gas? | expensive |
| location of solar energy? | everywhere; esp. at close to the equator |
| solar energy is what type of fuel source? | alternative |
| chemical composition of solar energy? | sun: hydrogen, helium |
| solar energy uses? | electricity |
| positives to solar? | renewable, reusable (can be stored and used later), no emisison, little threat of sun exploding before next 5 bill years, |
| negatives to solar energy? | low energy content, not abundant at the poles |
| price of solar? | intial investment, photovoltaic panels, are expensive... but the sun is free once you have the panels up |
| wind location? | everywhere more so on coasts (wind = the result of the natural uneven heating of earth) |
| what type of fuel is wind? | alternative |
| chemical composition of wind? | air (nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%, trace gases 1%) |
| uses of wind? | electricity, transportation (sailboats) |
| positives of wind? | renewable, reusable, no emissions |
| negatives of wind? | hard to harness (need effective windmills), low energy content |
| hydropower (dam and tidal) is located...? | anywhere w/ moving water |
| what type of fuel is hydropower ? | alternative |
| chemical compositon of hydropower? | water: hydrogen, oxygen |
| uses | electricity |
| hydropower positives? | renewable, reusable, no emissions |
| hydropower negatives? | destroys ecosystems in water |
| price? | the structures like wave dragsons and large dams are expensive to build and maintain |
| bio-fuel (biomass) location? | anywhere with life |
| bio-fuel type of fuel? | alternative |
| chemical composition of bio-fuel? | all/any organic matter |
| bio-fuel uses? | electricity |
| positives of bio-fuel? | less pollution than f.f.'s, infinite amount, produced daily without any hassle (make trash is convenient) |
| negatives to bio-fuel | low energy content, not recyclable, still does reduce some gg when oxidized |
| price | low ...*not valued very high |
| location of geothermal? | all over earth in specifici sites |
| geothermal fuel type? | alternative |
| geothermal uses? | processes food, electricity |
| geothermal chemical composition | carbon (from soil), hydrogen and oxygen |
| geothermal positives? | renewable |
| geothermal negatives | drilling sites release sulfur dioxides, not easy to drill for |
| geothermal price? | low |
| nuclear (uranium) location? | low level areas of rocks (equally distributed) |
| nuclear fuel type? | alternative |
| nuclear chemical composition | uranium |
| nuclear uses | electricity |
| nuclear positives? | cheap, no emissions, no high threats of depletion, abundunt |
| nuclear negatives | hard to harness, disposal of uranium releases gg., pretty risky (ukraine accident), and usable kinds are rare |
| price of nuclear? | cheap |
Created by:
llcrys
Popular Earth Science sets