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Bio12 Section 1.1
First Assignment Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Control | An experiment you do when you do not change the variable. They show what the results should be with no changes(part of the experiment where you don't include the independent variable). |
| Define Control Group | A control group is used in an experiment. There are usually two group in any experiment, one group is experimented on, and the other group, the control group, isn't. The control group is used to examine how the experiment affected those who participated. |
| Define Dependent Variable | The event studied in an experiment and expected it to change when the independent variable is changed |
| Define Experiment | A scientific approach to testing a hypothesis |
| Define Experimental Group | The group of subjects that are exposed to the variable in a control experiment |
| Define Hypothesis | A tentative explanation or educational guess about a problem |
| Define Independent Variable | A manipulated variable in an experiment. It's presence determines the change in the dependent variable |
| Define Procedure | A series of steps taken to carry out an experiment |
| Define Reliability | Yielding the same or compatible results in different experimental trials |
| Define Sample size | The number of observations that constituted it. (The number of units (people, animals) in a population to be studied. It should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between 2 groups. |
| Define Scientific method | A methodical approach to designing and conducting an experiment. |
| Define Theory | A major hypothesis that is accepted by the scientific community because it has repeatedly survived several tests. A conjecture, an opinion, a speculation or an assumption based on limited information or experience, not necessarily on facts. |
| Define Validity | Correctly inferred or deduced from a premise The extent to which a measurement, test or study measures what it purports to measure. |
| PART 2 | part 2 |
| cell wall | The outer layer of plant cells that supports and protects cell |
| cell membrane | a phospholipid bilayer with embedded globular proteins that controls the flow of matter in and out of the cell |
| chromatin (chromosomes) | (chromatin when uncoiled): long strands of DNA found within the nucleus of a cell |
| cristae | The infoldings or inward projections of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, which are studded with proteins and increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur like aerobic cellular respiration. |
| cytoplasm | all the material (fluid) outside the nucleus, other than the organelles |
| cytoskeleton | internal framework of the cell made of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments |
| Golgi apparatus/body | structures made of groups of flattened sacs used to store, package, and export proteins and other materials produced in the cell |
| lysosome | lysosomes are vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that help to digest food or break down old structures for recycling or removal |
| matrix | the inner fluid space in the mitochondria; contains DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes that break down carbohydrates to provide energy needed to produce ATP during cellular respiration |
| nuclear envelope | contains nuclear pores; controls the movement of materials into and out of the nucleus |
| nuclear pore | opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus |
| nucleolus | the dark, spherical area of the nucleus; aids in the production of rRNA (ribosomal RNA), a structural component of ribosomes |
| organelles | subcellular structures surrounded by membranes |
| polysomes | string of ribosomes simultaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis; also called polyribosome |
| ribosomes | structures found on rough ER (some are free floating) that assemble proteins |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) | The rough endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes and secretory proteins.rough ER is a series of flattened sacs. it has ribosomes attached to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. it produces proteins that secreted by the cell |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | The smooth ER has a wide range of functions including carbohydrate and lipid synthesis. It serves as a transitional area for vesicles that transport ER products to various destinations. It's a tubule network. lacks attached ribosomes. |
| vacuoles | a membrane-enclosed storage structure that is usually filled with water and chemicals |
| vesicle | vesicles are small vacuoles used to transport materials |
| plasma membrane | The cell’s outer membrane made up of a two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins. It separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment, and it regulates what enters and exits the cell. |
| Part 3 | |
| cellular respiration | The process that releases energy for use by the organism respiration The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is: 6O2 + C6H12O6 g 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy oxygen + glucose g carbon dioxide + water + energy |
| chloroplast | contains chlorophyll, the green pigment involved in the process of photosynthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | (ER) rough ER is characterized by large numbers of ribosomes on its surface; it produces proteins that secreted by the cell; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is responsible for the production of lipids, such as steroid hormones |
| Golgi apparatus | structures made of groups of flattened sacs used to store, package, and export proteins and other materials produced in the cell |
| mitochondria | are the powerhouses of the cell; they produce ATP energy by a process called cellular respiration |
| nucleus | the nucleus is the most important organelle in the cell; it stores the genetic material (DNA) that determines the characteristics and the metabolic functions of the cell; it is the cell's control centre. It controls cell growth and reproduction. |
| nucleolus | the dark, spherical area of the nucleus; aids in the production of rRNA (ribosomal RNA), a structural component of ribosomes |
| lysosomes | lysosomes are vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that help to digest food or break down old structures for recycling or removal |
| photosynthesis | solar energy + water + carbon dioxide g carbohydrate + oxygen |
| ribosomes | structures found on rough ER (some are free floating) that assemble proteins |
| vesicles are small vacuoles used to transport materials |
Created by:
marianastrenchluvr
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