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Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the cardiovascular system? | includes the heart and blood vessels; brings nutrients to cells and helps get rid of wastes |
| How do Lymphatic vessels help the system? | by collecting excess fluid surrondiing tissues and return it to the cardiovacular system |
| functions of the system? | generate blood pressure;transport blood; exchange of nutrients and wastes at the capillaries |
| Arteries and Arterioles | carry blood away from the heart |
| What are the three layers of arteries and arterioles walls? | thin inner epithelium, thick smooth muscle layer, and outer connective tissue |
| Arterioles | small arteries that regulate blood pressure |
| Capillaries | microscopic vessels bewteen arterioles and venules; form beds of vessels where exchange with body cells occur |
| Exchange at ________ is primarily a result of osmotic and blood pressure. | capillary beds |
| Venules | small veins that receive blood from the capillaries |
| Veins | carry blood toward the heart |
| Veins that carry blood against gravity have ____ to keep blood flowing toward the heart | valves |
| What is the heart? | a large, muscular organ consisting of mostly cardiac tissue |
| What are the cardiac tissue in the heart called? | myocardium |
| What is the heart surrounded by? | pericardium |
| What are the four chambers of the heart? | two artia and two ventricles |
| What 2 sets of valves are in the heart? | semilunar and artioventricular (AV) |
| What gives the heart the "dub" and "lup" spund? | valves |
| AV valves | supported by chordae tendineae(strong fibrous strings) |
| Two cardiovascular pathways in the body are ______ and _______ | pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit |
| Pulmonary circuit | right side of body brings blood from body to heart and lungs; arteris- no oxygen veins- oxygen blood |
| Systemic circuit | left side of heart brings blood to the entire body to deliver nutrients and rid of wastes |
| Largest artery | aorta |
| Largest veins | superior vena cava- blood from head,chest inferior vena cava- blood from lower regions |
| what ventricle is more muscular? | the left ventricle because it pumps blood to entire body |
| _____ are more muscular than veins to withstand the higher blood pressure exerted on them | arteries |
| How does heartbeat occur? | the love occurs in ventricles and forces the AV valve to close then the dove causes the semilunar valves to open |
| What two ways are how the heart is controlled? | internal and external control |
| internal control | the SA node in the right artrium initiates the heartbeat and causes the atria to contract; impluses travel between gap junctions at intercalated disks |
| external control | heartbeat is also controlled by a cardia center in the brain and hormones such as epinephrine and nonrepinephrine |
| What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)? | a record of the electrical changes in the heart muscle during a cardiac cycle |
| What is blood pressure? | pressure against a blood vessel wall, usually measured in an artery in the arm |
| systolic pressure | highest pressure during blood ejection from the heart |
| diastolic pressure | lowest pressure when the ventricles relax |
| blood flow | highest pressure in the arteries; slowest in the capillaries; miniimal in veins and venules |
| blood flow increases in veins when blood pressure is low because... | they have skeletal muscle contraction, breathing, and valves |
| What is the heart's blood supply? | coronary circulation; small arteries that supply |
| What is the hepatic portal system? | a system that brings blood from the digestive tract rich in amino acids and glucose to the liver |
| the ____ synthesizes blood proteins and stores the glucose as glycogen | liver |
| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) | most common cause of death in the western world |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure results when blood moves through vessels at a rate higher than normal |
| Atherosclerosis | build up of plaque in blood vessels |
| What is plaque that is stationary called? | thrombus |
| What is a plaque called when it detaches? | embolus |
| Stroke(cerebrovascular accident) | occurs when cranial arteryis blocked; part of brain dies lack to oxygen |
| Heart attack(myocardial infraction) | ccan begin with angina pectoris |
| Pectoris | a pain that radiates dow nthe left arm due to blockage of a coronary artery |
| Aneurysm | ballooning of a blood vessel |
| the _____ ______ is the most commonly affected by aneurysm leading to the brain | abdominal artery |
| How are disorders of blood vessels treated? | dissolving blood clots, stents, angioplasty |
| t-PA | a drug that dissolves clots treating clogged arteries |
| stents | wire mesh cyliner inserted into a clogged artery to hold it open |
| angioplasty | a tube with a balloon inserted into vlogged artery |
| ______ is when the heart no longer pumps properly | heart failure |
Created by:
kenzie23
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