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Neurology Terms NP4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter, plays important role in learning/memory and sending messages from motor nerves to muscles (heart, bladder and stomach) |
| agnosia | loss of ability to recognize objects via visual, auditory or tactile sensation |
| Akathisia | restlessness, agitation, urgent need to move around |
| aphasia | inability to express oneself or to understand language |
| apraxia | inability to perform previously learned purposeful motor acts on a voluntary basis |
| ataxia | inability to coordinate muscle movements; effects walking, talking and performing self care |
| autonomic dysreflexia | AKA autonomic hyperreflexia; life threatening emergency in spinal cord injury patients that causes a hypertensive crisis |
| Broca’s area | located in the frontal lobe usually of the left cerebral hemisphere and associated with the motor control of speech |
| Catecholamines | hormones produced by adrenal glands, released during times of stress; dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine |
| decerebration | abnormal body posture associated with severe brain injury; extreme extension of upper and lower extremities |
| decortication | abnormal body posture associated with severe brain injury; abnormal flexion of upper and lower extremities |
| dopamine | neurotransmitter, affects mood, sleep, learning and voluntary movements; as a drug it treats Parkinson's |
| dysarthria | defects of articulation due to neurologic causes |
| dyskinesia | impaired ability to execute voluntary movements |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| dysphonia | voice impairment or altered voice |
| endorphin | Naturally-occurring chemicals that work on the nervous system to reduce pain |
| enkephalin | one of 2 closely related pentapeptides having opiate qualities and occurring in the brain, spinal cord and other parts of the body |
| expressive aphasia | inability to express oneself; often associated to left frontal lobe damage |
| GABA | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, meaning that it sends a signal to other cells that subdues them. This chemical messenger is known to aid in relaxation and sleep and regulate anxiety |
| global aphasia | total aphasia, loss of ability to express or understand speech |
| hemianopsia | blindness of half of the field of vision in one or both eyes |
| mutism | unable to speak |
| Neurotransmitters | communicate messages from one neuron to another or from a neuron to a specific target tissue; manufactured and stored in synaptic vesicles |
| norepinephrine | as a hormone it iss released by the adrenal gland as part of the fight or flight (increased HR and BP), as a neurotransmitter, it is involved in arousal, attention and mood |
| paresthesia | sensation of numbness, tingling, or pins and needles |
| receptive aphasia | inability to understand what someone is saying; often associated with temporal lobe damage |
| serotonin | neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of many functions including sleep, appetite, and mood |
| Wernicke’s | area in the posterior temporal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain involved in the recognition of spoken words |
Created by:
wendy_walker21
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