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Beaver Local 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| proteins that help maintain the shape of a chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA | Histones |
| proteins generally involved in controlling the activity of specific regions of DNA | Nonhistone |
| one half of the chromosome that forms as the DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division | Chromatid |
| The constricted area of each chromatid | centromere |
| chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism | sex chromosomes |
| all other chromosomes other than x and y in an organism are called | autosomes |
| the two copies of an autosome are called | homologous chromosomes |
| A photomicrograph of chromosomes in a dividing cell in a normal human | karyotype |
| cells that have two sets of chromosomes | diploid |
| human sperm and egg cells | haploid |
| the division of a prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells | binary fission |
| a type of cell division in which it produces new cells with genetic material that is identical to that of the original cell | mitosis |
| a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half in the new cells | meiosis |
| the repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell | cell cycle |
| the time between cell division | interphase |
| also known as mitosis it is when the nucleus of a cell divides | M phase |
| the division of cytoplasm of the cell | cytokenesis |
| The first stage of interphase, offspring grow to mature size | G(1) phase |
| The second stage of interphase, the cells DNA is copied | S phase |
| represents the time gap following cell synthesis and preceeding cell division | G(2)phase |
| cells do not copy DNA or prepare for division in this stage | G(0) phase |
| first phase of mitosis | prophase |
| two pairs of dark spots that appear next to the disappearing nucleus | centrosomes |
| small cylindrical bodies found in each centrosome | centrioles |
| deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA |
| consists of six billion pairs of nucleotides | Chromosomes |
| each chromosome is a single DNA molecule wrapped around proteins | histones |
| proteins that are involved in controlling the activity of specific regions of the DNA | Nonhistone |
| each half of a chromosome structure | chromatid |
| the constricted area of a chromosome structure | centromere |
| determines the sex of an organism | Sex Chromosomes |
| the other 44 chromosomes | autosomes |
| refers to the two copies of each chromosome | Homologous Chromosomes |
| a photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a dividing cell found in a normal human | Karyotype |
| cells that have two sets of chromosomes | Diploid |
| diploid is abbreviated as | 2n |
| cells that contain only one set of chromosomes | Haploid |
| haploid is abbreviated as | 1n |
| the process by which cells produce offspring cells | Cell division |
| the division of a prokaryotic cell into 2 offspring cells | Binary fission |
| results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to that of the original cell | Mitosis |
| reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells | Meiosis |
| the repeating set of events that make up the life of a cell | the cell cycle |
| the time between cell divisions | Interphase |
| mitosis | M phase |
| the division of the cytoplasm of the cell | Cytokinesis |
| offspring cells grow to mature size | G1 phase |
| the cell’s DNA is copied | S phase |
| the time gap following the S phase and preceding cell division | G2 phase |
| cells do not copy their DNA and don’t prepare for cell division | G0 phase |
| 4 phases of mitosis (pmat) | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| appear next to the disappearing nucleus | Centrosomes |
| found in animal cells | Centrioles |
| made of microtubles radiate from the centrosomes in preparation for mitosis | Spindle fibers |
| equally divides the chromatids between the 2 offspring cells | Mitotic spindle |
| attach to kinetochore | Kinetochore fibers |
| disk-shaped protein | Kinetochore |
| extend across the dividing cell from centrosome to centrosome | Polar fibers |
| pinches the cell into 2 cells (animal cells) | Cleavage furrow |
| membrane-bound cell wall (plant cells) | Cell plate |
| a process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells to half the number in the original cell. | Meiosis |
| haploid reproductive cells created by meiosis | Gametes |
| the pairing of homologous chromosomes | Synapsis |
| each pair of homologous chromosomes | Tetrad |
| portions of chromatids may break off and attach to adjacent chromatids on the homologous chromosomes | Crossing-over |
| a new mixture of genetic material is produced from crossing-over | Genetic recombination |
| the random separation of homologous chromosomes | Independent assortment |
| 4 haploid reproductive cells formed during meiosis in the testes | Spermatids |
| the production of sperm cells | Spermatogenesis |
| production of mature egg cells, or ova | Oogenesis |
| the other 3 products of meiosis | Polar bodies |
| The production of offspring from one parent | Asexual reproduction |
| The production of offspring through meiosis and the union of a sperm and an egg. | Sexual Reproduction |
Created by:
kjones0722
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