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Macromolecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Use of carbohydrates | short term energy, strucutre: chitin, cellulose |
| Types of carbohydrates | monosaccharide, disaccharide (two mono), polysaccharide |
| Monosaccharides examples | glucose, fructose (6), ribose, deoxyribose (5) |
| Disaccharide examples | covalently bonded, multose, lactose, sucrose |
| Polysaccharide examples | cellulose (plant cell walls), starch (energy from plants), glycogen (energy from animals), chitin (fungus cell walls, structure, shrimp and lobster) |
| Lipids | fatty acids, CHO, attached to carboxyl group |
| Fatty acids are attached to | glycerol, and have three tails that are called triglycerides |
| Fatty acids are made up of | carboxyl group (-COOH) and carbon backbone with up to 36 carbon atoms |
| Saturated fat | is BAD, is complete zigzags, stack up, single carbon bonds, solid at room temp, comes from animals |
| Unsaturated fat description | one or more double bonds, liquid at room temp., from plants oil |
| Unsaturated fat types | cis is GOOD, has a straight line in it, doesn't stack; trans is BAD, from PHVOs, stack together |
| Phospholipid (bilayer) | Phosphate head that is hydrophilic, TWO fatty acid tails that are hydrophobic |
| Nucleic acids are made up of | CHONP, nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base) |
| Nucleic acids' job | hold genetic information |
| Protein elements and monomers | CHON, amino acids |
| Peptide bonds | links amino acids with carboxyl group of next, covalent, forms through condensation reaction |
| Two and three peptide bonds are called | dipeptide bonds and polypeptide |
| Secondary structure (proteins) | hydrogen bonds between parts of polypeptide chain, coils, helix or pleated/beta sheet; SEAWEED STUFF |
| Tertiary structure (proteins) | R group bonds, heme group that is coiled, forms shape because of R group or amino acids |
| Quaternary structure (proteins) | polypeptide chain bonding, hemeglobin are red blood cells |
| Denaturation | no more 3D, breakage of weak bonds , high temp and acidic pH breaks it |