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Ch.5-7 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
| equilibrium | in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water or other solvent from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
| hypotnic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside the cell |
| hypertonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell |
| isotonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration level is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell |
| contracticle vacuole | in protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain asmotic pressure |
| turgor pressure | the pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell |
| plasmolysis | the contraction or shrinking of a cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis |
| cytolysis | the bursting of a cell |
| facilitated diffusion | the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration with the aid of carrier proteins |
| carrier protein | a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane |
| ion channel | a complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions pass |
| active transport | the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentrated gradient, requires cells to use energy |
| sodium-potassium pump | a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| vesicle | a small cavity or sack that contains materials in eukaryotic cells, forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell |
| pinocytosis | a method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell membrane takes in extracellular fluids |
| phagocytosis | the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food |
| phagocyte | a cell that ingests and destroys foreign matter or microorganisms |
| exocytosis | the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the material to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen. |
| light reaction | the initial reactions to photosynthesis, which are triggered by the absorbtion of light by photosystems I and II and include the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains. the production of NAPDH, oxygen gas, and the synthesis of ATP throug |
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elliebellie0619
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