Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Evolution evidence
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What did Peter and Rosemary Grant study? | Beak depth in the medium ground finch over dry and wet seasons on Daphne Major. |
| How has the bill depth of the medium ground finch changed over time? | During dry years, bill depth increased. During wet years, bill depth decreased. |
| What drives bill depth evolution? | The weather- in particular, the amount of rain received. |
| How does seed hardness figure into the evolution? | In dry years, the seed coats are harder and so more finches with thick beaks survive b/c they are more able to crack them. And vice versa with wet years, thin seed coats and shallower beaks. |
| How does rainfall factor into the evolution of the finches? | The more rain, the thinner the seedcoats, the shallower the beaks. And vice versa. |
| How have peppered moths changed since the industrial revolution? | Before, nearly all were peppered. During, 90% were melanic. Now, most are peppered again. |
| What was Tutt's hypothesis about the moths? | Peppered forms more visible to predators on sooty trunks; melanics were more visible on clean trunks. |
| What were Kettlewell's experiments? | Took moths and did a release-and-recapture in two places: one industrial, one country. Selection seemed to be for peppered moths in country where no pollution was present and for melanic moths in polluted environments. |
| Do we know what is driving evolution in the peppered moths? | No, we cannot be sure, although we suspect predation has something to do with it. |
| Give some examples of artificial selection. | Dogs, domesticated silver foxes, bristly fruit flies, cattle, strawberries, teosinte/corn- and corn oil, size in mice, cats, fancy pigeons. |
| What did Thoday and Gibson do with Drosophila? | They disrupted selection by removing the average bristled individuals. After several generations, they had two populations isolated from each other. |
| How are fossils formed? | They can be formed through mineralization, which could leave a replacement, an impression (+ or -), or an actual item (rare) |
| How is a fossil's age determined? | They are dated by using radioactive dating. The amount of radioactive isotopes of different kinds are measured, and the steady rate of decay tells scientists how old the specimen is. |
| What is radiometric dating? | Using the length of a half-life of a radioactive isotope to determine age. |
| What is the transitional fossil between theropod dinosaurs and birds? | The archeopteryx, which had asymmetrical flight feathers and perching claws, was a transitional fossil. |
| What is the transitional fossil between fish and amphibians? | A fossil called Tiktaalik, which was discovered in Canada in 2004. Had the ability to push up on its front legs, and had lungs + gills. |
| What are 4 of the transitional fossils between land mammals and whales? | 1. Mesonyx- terrestrial, hoofed predator; 2. Pakicetus- mostly terrestrial predator; 3. Ambulocetus- said to be like a mammalian crocodile; 4. Basilosaurus- completely water-bound and elongated. |
| Discuss some of the transitional forms of horses. | Hyracotherium- small, 4-toed, small flat teeth; modern Equus- large, 1 fused toe, long teeth with ridges. Body size increased, toes reduced, teeth become longer and more ridged. |
| Name 5 types of anatomical evidence for evolution. | 1. Comparative anatomy; 2. Homologous structures; 3. Early embryonic development; 4. Imperfect structures; 5. Vestigial structures. |
| Give some examples of comparative anatomy. | Formation of a notochord and pharyngeal gill pouches by all chordates; jaw bones becoming ear parts in some animals |
| Give some examples of homologous structures. | Animals such as frogs, lizards, birds, humans, cats, whales, and bats have the same bones in their forelegs. Analogous structures are ones that formed for the same purpose (ie, flying) but by different means (feathers vs membrane) |
| Explain what is meant by genetic homology. | Seeing how similar organisms are by sequencing blood proteins, amino acids, and DNA. Ex: populations of elephants |
| Why do different embryos develop so similarly? | Because similar species descended from a common ancestor |
| Explain why some structures are imperfect. | Because natural selection could only act as a variation on a theme, not create completely new ones. The eye is an example of this. |
| Describe some vestigial organs. | Vestigial organs are ones that had a purpose in the past, but no longer serve a major function in an animal, such as the appendix, pelvic girdle in whales, hind limbs in snakes, and eyes in blind cave fish. |
| What is evolutionary convergence? | It is the occupation of the same niche by different adaptations. |
| Give some examples of evolutionary convergence. | Placental and marsupial mammals have similar functions; fast-swimming predators have very similar body shapes. |
| What is biogeography? | The study of the distribution of species in space and geologic time. For instance, iguanas and finches in the Galapagos. |
| What is intelligent design? | The idea that living things were 'intelligently designed' rather than evolved. |
Created by:
jdesrochers
Popular Biology sets