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Zoology Lab Quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dichotomous key | A device used to easily identify organisms; consists of a series of two-part statements that describe characteristics of organisms |
| Binomial Nomenclature | developed by carolus linnaeus- system for naming organisms - takes the latinized name printed in italics where the first word names the group and the second word names the species |
| clade | a taxon or other group consisting of an ancestral species and all of its descendants forming a distinct branch on a cladogram or phylogenetic tree |
| triploblastic | organism that has three distinct germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
| diploblastic | organisms that have two seperate germ layers called the endoderm and the ectoderm |
| cross section | diving the body of an animal via a vertical division |
| longitudinal section | dividing the body of an animal via a horizontal division |
| bilateral symmetry | divided along sagittal planes into two mirrored portions |
| radial symmetry | forms can be divided into similar halves by more than two planes passing through logitudinal axis |
| spherical symmetry | defines a plane passing through the center; divides a body into equivalent halves |
| deep | literally deep |
| superficial | shallow |
| peripheral | distant from center |
| cranial | relating to the head region |
| caudal | refers to a tail |
| anal | referring to the anus - plane where excrement leaves an organism |
| oral | refers to the mouth |
| pelvic | hip region or area associated w/ posterior appendages |
| pectoral | refers to the chest or area associated with anterior pair of appendages |
| proximal | nearer to something |
| distal | farthest from the middle of the body |
| lateral | to the sides |
| ventral | front or belly side |
| medial | refers to the midline of the body |
| dorsal | back or upper side |
| anterior | used to designate the head end |
| posterior | opposite or tail end |
| synapomorphy | a trait or character that is shared by two or more taxonomic groups and is derived through evolution |
| cephalization | the evolutionary process by which sensory organs and specialized appendages become localized in the head of animals ( think of crickets ladybugs etc) |
| cladogram | diagram showing patgtenr of shared evolutionary characterstics among species or higher taxa |
| metamerism | the condition of being composed of serially repeated parts for ex an earthworm |
| ancestral | denotes a character state inferred to have been present in the most recent common ancestral pop. of a group of organisms |
| aboral | farthest from the mouth |
| derived | to have risen from another |
| cephalic | relating to the head |
| sympleisomorphy | (a shared primitive trait) sharing among species of ancestral characteristics, not indicative that species form a morphological group |
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