Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO Meiosis
TAG BIO MEIOSIS Jan 2012
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mitosis | produces daughter nuclei with the same number of chromosomes as the original nucleus (2 daughter 2n cells) |
| Meiosis | produces daughter nuclei with only half the original number of chromosome (4 daughter 1 n cells) |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| gametes | sex cells----sperm and eggs |
| replicate | two strands of DNA molecule separate and each serves as the template for another strand (one chromosome produces sister chromatids) |
| sister chromatids | two identical double stranded molecules of DNA attached to each other by the centromere |
| homologous chromosomes | 1 chromosome from male, 1 chromosome from female. For example, in humans chromosome #1 contains genes for the enzyme salivary amylase. In a homologous pair of chromosomes, the male of the pair contains this gene & the female of the pair contains this gene |
| diploid | the paired number of chromosomes or 2n. For humans it is 23 pairs or 46. |
| haploid | the unpaired number of chromosomes or 1 n. For humans it is 23 individual chromosomes |
| tetraploid | 4n. Four homologous chromosomes of each type. For example found in plants |
| germ cells | cells that can undergo meiosis. The REST of the body's cells arfe called somatic (soma = body) cells |
| somatic cells | body cells (i.e. not sex cells) |
| define how the number of chromosomes varies among each species, give some examples | different species, different number of chromosomes. Humans 46 (23 pairs), turkeys 82, redwoods 22. |
| Cells that produce sexually have ______ of _________. | pairs, chromosomes |
| diploid (2n) | each of the 2 parents contributes one of each pair of chromosomes. |
| haploid ((n) | the unpaired chromosomes. In sexual reproduction, gametes (eggs, sperm) each have the haploid number of chromosomes (human each has 23) |
| What are the diploid and haploid number for humans | 46 = 2n 23 = n |
| homologous | a pair of chromosomes are called 'homologous' chromosomes. For example, chromosome #1 from father and chromosome #1 from mother are the pair of #1 chromosomes. The pair of #1's are called 'homologous' chromosomes. Same for chromosome #2 and its pair #2... |
| What produces the variety we see in members of the same species. | Each parent (egg, sperm) have chromosomes that vary a bit. This gives genetic variety. |
| somatic | body cells. these are the opposite of sex (gamete) cells |
| gamete | sex cells. male sperm, female egg. |
| What happens during fertilization | male and female gamete cells join. The nuclei fuse. A new individual develops from the diploid fertilized egg. |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| give a sone-sentence definition of meiosis | a special cell division process that produces haploid gametes |
| spores | haploid gametes in simple plants. Usually spores do asexual reproduction |
| give some differences between sexual and asexual reproduction with regards to meiosis and gametes (include clones and fertilization) | sexual - uses meiosis to form gametes. uses fertilization to form zygote. asexual - no meiosis, no fertilization. clone - no meiosis, no fertilization. Use egg without DNA to accept clone DNA material so exact copy of original DNA |
| how does cloning work | rerplicate same set of chromosomes into multiple cells and grow new copy of individual |
| name 3 wauys meiosis differs from mitosis | meiosis - 2 divisions mitosis - 1 division meiosis - crossing over mitosis - no crossing over meiosis - 4 haploid cells mitosis - 2 diploid cells |
| describe crossing over when does it occur and why is it important | distributes a random mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes to each gamete. Crossing over happens in pro phase I. It is important because it adds genetic variety hence survivability |
| How does meiosis reduce the chromosome number? | it has 2 rounds of division (meiosis I and II) but only one round of chromosome duplication (in inter phase I before meiosis starts) |
| How does meiosis I differ from mitosis | 1. crossing over happens in meiosis I but not mitosis 2. homologous chromosomes (#1 and #1) (#2 and #2) pair up in meiosis I but not mitosis. |
| What is the result of meiosis I | 2 daughter cells. 2n, mixed paternal and maternal chromosomes from crossing over. |
| When each cell divides in meiosis II, ______________ separate | sister chromatids |
| Name the 3 important things meiosis does | 1. crossing over for genetic variety 2. gametes with correct distribution of chromosomes 3. 4 haploid cells such that sexual reproduction can occur |
| What is the key difference between male and female gametes after meiosis have finished (think of the cytoplasm)? | male gametes usually divide cytoplasm equally female gametes most of the cytoplasm stays with one cell |
| What are polar bodies? | two smaller cells formed in meiosis that disintegrate--typically from the female egg. |
| Prokaryotic cells perform which of the above for reproducing cells? meiosis mitosis binary fission | binary fission |
| What is a synonym for 'sister chromatids' (they look like an X) | duplicated eukaryotic chromatids |
| Germinal cells of ovaris that go through meiosis are diploid or haplid? | diploid |
| A chromosome pair that has the same type of genetic information at the same location and have centromeres located in the same location is known as: a. homologous pair b. replicated chromosomes c. sister chromatids | a. homologous pair |
Created by:
stinglasher23
Popular Biology sets