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Chapter Fourteen- CS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two key components of whole blood? | Whole blood is made from blood plasma (55%) and formed elements (45%) |
| What are the three key components of blood plasma? | Blood plasma is made from proteins (7%) water (91.5%) and other solutes (1.5%) |
| What are the three main proteins found in blood? | The main proteins are albumins (54%) globulins (38%) and fibrinogen (7%) |
| What are the six solutes commonly found in the blood? | The solutes found in blood are electrolytes, nutrients, gases, regulatory substances, vitamins and waste products |
| What is the definition of formed element? | The red and white blood cells, and platelets found in whole blood |
| What are the three classes of formed elements? | Formed elements consist of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets |
| What are the five classes of red blood cells? | Red blood cells are neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils |
| What is the relationship between the erythrocyte and erythropoesis? | Erythrocyte is a mature red blood cell, while erythropoesis is the process by which red blood cells are formed |
| What is the relationship between reticulocytes and red blood cells? | Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which is a pigment that gives whole blood its red color. A red blood cell precursor ejects its nucleus during the end of erythropoesis becoming a reticulocyte |
| What is the role of the neutrophil? | Neutrophil is the first to respond to bacteria invasion, carry on phagocytosis and release enzymes that destroy the bacteria |
| What is the role of the monocyte? | Monocyte migrates into infected tissues (becoming wandering microphages) that can phogocytize many more microbes than neutrophils can. They also clean up the cellular debris following an infection |
| What is the role of the eosinophil? | Eosinophils release enzymes that combat inflammation and alergic reactions. Also effective against parasitic worms |
| What is the role of the basophil? | Basophil leaves capillaries, enter tissues, and can liberate heparin, histamine and serotonin |
| What is the role of the B cell? | B cells develop into plasma cells which help destroy bacteria and inactivate their toxins |
| What is the role of the T cell? | T cells attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, cancer cells, and some bacteria |
| What is the role of the natural killer cells? | Natural killer cells attack a wide variety of infectuous microbes and certain tumor cells |
| What is hemostasis? | Hemostasis is a sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured |
| What are the three methods that reduce blood loss? | The three methods are vascular spasms, platet plug formation, and blood clotting |
| What is a hemorrhage? | A hemorrhage is the loss of a large amount of blood from the vessels |
| Explain the role of the vascular spasm? | When a blood vessel is damaged, the smooth muscle in its wall contracts immidiatly, reducing blood loss |
| Explain the role of platelet plug formation? | Platelet plug formation is when a blood vessel is damaged, platelets quickly come together to form a plug that helps fill the gap in the injured blood vessel wall |
Created by:
Ssoldanels
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