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BA240 Altered cell
GRCC BA240 altered cell adaption
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what leads to altered anatomy and physiology | altered cell adaptions |
| what is altered cell adaption? | altered conditions cause cells to adapt their growth and differentiation |
| examples of conditions that would alter cell adaption | Pregnancy, hormonal stimulation (Growth Hormone), Irritation (Hydrogen Chloride) |
| How does altered cell adaption affect pregnancy? | Increase breast size and uterine tissue |
| How does altered cell adaption affect the hormonal stimulation? | Growth hormone stimulates growth |
| How does altered cell adaption affect Irritation? | Hydrochloric acid changes tissues (i.e. Barrett's esophagus) |
| What happens when cell structure and function change? | A disease is born |
| What is the importance of understanding altered cell adaption? | to determine cause of any abnormality and then monitor growth/changes to reduce risk of serious consequences (i.e. cancer) |
| How are cells damaged or destroyed | changes in metabolic process, reduced levels of ATP, altered pH, cell membrane damage |
| examples of cell damage due to changes in metabolic process | cyctic fibrosis |
| what does alterd pH do? | it alters enzymes, proteins will not function properly |
| what are causes of cell injury? | Hypoxia, free radicals, and chemicals |
| what are the most common causes of hypoxia? | MI, CVA, ischemic bowel, etc |
| Hypoxia | tissue lacks oxygen |
| Hypoxia = | ischemia- an insufficient supply of blood. |
| What happens when ischemia occurs? | increased intracellular Na & Ca, decreased protein synthesis, cells swell. |
| Is ischemia reversible? | It is reversible if oxygen is restored. |
| What if oxygen is not restored? | |
| Reperfusion injury | tissue damage caused when blood supply returns after an ischemic attack |
| Free radicals cause cell injury | varies on cell type |
| Chemicals | toxic substances that interact with cell membrane |
| Carbon tetrachloride (agent used for dry cleaning)leads | free radicals “steal” electrons from the lipids in our cell membranes, resulting in cell damage and increased production of free radicals leads to fatty liver |
| examples of other chemicals that alter cells | arsenic, cyanide, lead, insecticides |
Created by:
Wends1984
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