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Exam_2
MCB 3412 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetic engineering | any alteration of an organism's genes for practical purposes (ex. manipulation, selective breeding) |
| Genomics | *the study and development of genetic and physical maps, large-scale DNA sequencing, gene discovery and computer-based systems for managing and analyzing genomic data *the study of gene structure (i.e. arrangement) |
| Functional Genomics | *using data produced by genome-sequencing projects to describe the function and interactions of genes *the large-scale study of gene expression |
| Comparative Genomics | comparison of genomic sequences from different species |
| Genetics | the study of genes (i.e. heredity) |
| Synteny | genes that are in the same relative position on two different chromosomes |
| Computational Biology | development of computational methods to solve problems in biology |
| Bioinformatics | application of computational biology to analysis and management of real data |
| Database | An indexed set of records retrieved using query language |
| Homology Method | *Sequence analysis method *Extends the knowledge of protein/gene function from one sequence to its cousins (presuming they derived from a common ancestor) |
| Sequence Alignment | Procedure for comparing 2+ sequences by searching for a series of individual characters or character patterns that are in the same order in the sequences (sequence similarity) |
| Transposons | Sequence elements that copy themselves and jump around genome |
| Microsatellites | *short sequences that mutate at high frequencies (hypermutable) *usually results from slipped-strand mispairing |
| Pseudogenes | duplicated genes that cause phenotypic divergence and are usually selected against |
| Minisatellites | *tandem repeats generally rich in G and C and are highly mutable (highly polymorphic) *affect gene regulation |
| Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) | viruses with an RNA genome that uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA |
| Orthologs | genes found in two species that had a common ancestor |
| Paralogs | genes found in the same species that were created through gene duplication events |
| "Post-Genomic" Era | the move from studying the parts to understanding their function (functional genomics)using high-throughput, systematic approaches |
| Transformation | *Introduction of DNA into bacterial and/or yeast cell *Inherited change due to acquisition of exogeneous DNA *Changes in growth properties of cells after become cancerous (eukaryotes) |
| Transfection | *inherited changes in animal cells due to acquisition of exogenous DNA (add exogenous DNA into eukaryotic cell) |
| Shuttle Vector | Plasmid that can replicate in two different organisms due to 2 different origins of replication |
| Episome | Extrachromosomal replicating unit that exists autonomously or w/ a chromosome |
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MissCellaneous
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