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Biology - Chap 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| chemicals | make up organisms & the physical environment as well |
| matter | anything that occupies space & has mass; composed of chemical elements |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down to simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions |
| What are the 4 main elements that make up the human body? | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, & Nitrogen. |
| trace elements | elements present in minimum amounts. zinc, copper, iodine, manganese, cobalt, flourine, molybdeum, selenium, boron, silicon, vanadium, & chromium. Some trace elements are required to prevent diseases. |
| compound | a substance consisting of two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio. the properties of the compound can be quite different from those of its component element. i.e. water is composed of two gases. |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical properties of that element. the 1st shell around the nucleus hold 2 electrons, the 2nd & 3rd hold 8. |
| What are the 3 main subatomic particles? | proton, electron, and neutron |
| proton | single positive electrical charge |
| electron | single negative electrical charge. An electron closer to the nucleus has less energy than one further away. When electrons gain energy, they jump to the outer cell then back to the inner because they lose energy through heat. |
| neutron | electrically neutral (uncharged) |
| atomic number | equal to the number of protons |
| atomic mass number | the mass of an atom; concentrated in the nucleus. atomic mass # = protons + neutrons |
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sheyenneb
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