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BA240 Intro to patho
GRCC BA240 intro to patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of functional or physiologic changes in the body that result from disease processes | Pathophysiology |
| We need to understand that any loss or change in normal structure, then loss of function | why we need to understand pathophysiology |
| Which factors of pathophysiology helps figure out the disorder | the disorder displays a set of common set of signs and symptoms related to the organs normal structure or function. |
| An example of knowing the pathophysiology as it relates to signs and symptoms of liver disease. | When clotting factors are not produced leads to excess bleeding- liver is unable to excrete bilirubin - yellow color - inflammation- tissue swells/liver capsule swells - pain. |
| pathophysiology is important because | there are new discoveries made in medicine all of the time. |
| to understand how and why disease develops | The importance of pathophysiology |
| What impacts decision making processing? | Pathophysiology helps us with this |
| pathophysiology helps with | ensuring optimal health and better outcomes. |
| What is a deviation from the normal state of health or from a sttae of wellness? | disease |
| Example of disease | Significan changes in the body - homeostasis cannot be maintained |
| What is affected when homeostatis can't be maintained? | BP, body temperataure, fluid balance, etc |
| World Health Organization (WHO) describes this as physical, emotional and social well being | Health and wellness |
| What plays a role in health and well ness? | Life experience, environmental factors |
| Homeostasis | Process that maintains a stable internal environment |
| Negative feedback | Towards set point; deviation from the set point triggers changes in the body to return to the set point |
| example of negative feedback | body temp, BP, blood sugar levels, etc |
| Positive feedback | away from set point; changes cause body to move away from set point |
| example of positive feedback | clott mechanism, lactation |
| What disrupts the maintenance of the optimal steady state of homeostasis? | the disease process |
| What is Stress Response role in the Disease progression? | Response made by body to any stressor |
| stressor | Any physiological or psychological factor that creates significant change in the body |
| Which critical areas of the body increases in general function due to stressors? | Brain, heart, cell metabolism, lungs |
| Stressors trigger brain to increase the function and short term memory to do what? | release endorphins to block pain |
| Stressors trigger heart to beat faster to do what? | Increase circulation |
| Stressors increases cell | metabolism |
| stressors increases lung activity and leads to | increased oxygen levels |
| What happens when stressors are prolonged? | can cause problems with different areas of body. |
| Stressors prolonged effect on GI leads to | Stomatitis, periodonitis, ulcers, ulcerative collitis, nausea and diarhea |
| Stressors prolonged effect on respiratory | leads to asthma attack |
| Stressors prolonged effect on cardiovascular leads to | htn, angina and chf |
| Stressors prolonged effect on CNS leads to | MS, depression, CVA (stroke) |
| Stressors prolonged effect on muscleskeltal leads to | rheumatoid arthritis (RA) |
| Stressors prolonged effect on GU leads to | acute renal failure |
| Stressors prolonged effect on dermis leads to | herpes simplex, eczema, acne, impaired healing |
| Stressors prolonged effect on other areas of the body lead to | cancer and infection |
| Stressors activate which part of the nervous system? | Central nervous system |
| The central nervous system activates | Hypothalamus |
| hypothalamus | stressor turns on CNS that activates |
| Stress on the SNS signals | adrenal medulla |
| what does the adrenal medulla release | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Hypothalamus activates | sns and pituitary |
| adrenal medulla is activated by | SNS |
| what does the adrenal medulla release once the SNS has activated | epi and noriepinephrine |
| They hypothalamus activates the anterior pituitary to release what? | ACTH |
| Anterior Pituitary releases ACTH and activates what? | the adrenal cortex |
| Pituatary | adrenal cortex |
| SNS | adrenal medulla |
| anterior pituitary releases | ACTH to activate the adrenal cortex |
| What does the adrenal cortex released | cortisol and aldosterone |
| Posterior pituitary releases | ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) |
| ADH | retains fluid and increases the workload of the heart |
| anterior pituitary releases ACTH and activates the adrenal cortex that releases | cortisol and glucocorticoids and aldosterone & mineral corticoids |
| Cortisol, glucocorticoids, aldosterone, and mineralcorticoids are actived by | anterior pituitary gland that releases ACTH |
| Norepinephrine effects | vasoconstriction that causes skin pallor, decrease in GFR and increase of BP |
| Epinephrine effects | vasoconstriction that causes skin pallor, decrease GFR, and increase BP |
| Epinephrine effects vasoconstriction | skin pallor, decrease GFR, and increase BP |
| Epinephrine effects on heart | Increase heart rate and contractility |
| Epinephrine effects on lungs | bronchodilation and increase oxygen (more oxygen to tissues) |
| Epinephrine effects on CNS | Increases alertness and increases muscle tone |
| Epinephrine effects on Metabolic | glycogenolysis, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis |
| Cortisol is also known as | stress hormone |
| Cortisol effects on metabolic | protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis |
| Cortisol effects on metabolic breaks down protien and forms new glucose resulting in what? | Increased blood sugar and low serum amino acids, and delayed wound healing |
| Cortisol stimulates what else? | the CNS |
| cortisol effects on the GI | Increases gastric secretions resulting ulcers |
| cortisol effects on the immune response | decreases allergic, inflammation and immune response results in decrease in lymphocytes and antibody production = increase risk for infection |
| stress response releases aldosterone activates | sodium and water retention resulting increased blood volume and increase BP |
| Sress response releases ADH results | increase water absorption and increased blood volume and increase BP |
Created by:
Wends1984
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