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Diabetes 1-25-2012
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which type of diabetes is associated with <30yrs of age? | Type 1 Diabetes aka IDDM or juvenille is identified with people less than 30 yrs of age and counts for 5-10% of DM patients |
| True or False: Type 1 diabetes patients are fatties at diagnosis. | Negatory. Type 1 diabetes patients have usually experienced a recent weight loss or are thin. Probably due to the ketones being broke down in the body (body eating itself). Type 2 diabetics are usually obese. |
| Type 1 has _________________ to islet cells and insulin. | Antibodies. Type 1 is an autoimmune response where the body creates antibodies to attack the islet cells and insulin, causing the person to be insulin dependent for survival. |
| Major complication of Type 1 w/ hyperglycemia? | Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Some s/s include drowsiness, stupor, coma, serum glucose 300-1000, kussmaul respirations, hyperventilations possibly. |
| Type 1s are _______________ prone when insulin is absent. | Ketosis - burning its own fat for fuel. Basically the body eating itself. |
| Which type of diabetes is associated with >30yrs of age? | Adult onset, non-ketosis. Type 2 accounts for 90-95% of DM patients. |
| Name one of the three causes of Type 2 diabetes... | Genetics, environmental, obesity causes, and their mommas and daddys wont stop feeding them. |
| ________________ overrides ___________________ | Obesity overrides age. Remember the 9yr 250lb diabetes patient. |
| What is considered to be obese by our magical government? | 20% over the IDW THEY have for you. :) They cant even run our government and they get to tell us how fat we can be. |
| True or false? Type 2 diabetics have a decreased sensitivity to islet cells or insulin. | True. This can develop overtime because your pancreas gets angry with you and decides its gonna go fishing, have fun with you 450 BG level. |
| Name one of the three things you can do to control Type 2 diabetes. | Weight loss can control BG, oral antidiabetic, short term insulin |
| True or false, type 1s can take oral diabetics just like type 2. Same disease, same drug. | Wrong. Through weight loss and oral antidiabetics TYPE 2 can be controlled. Type 1 is insulin dependent and without it will die... remember Panic Room with Jodie Foster? Little kid was half dead waiting for her insulin? |
| Frosted Flake versus the Corn Flake (glycosylated hemoglobin means what?) | How much sugar is on your hemoglobin over the last 3 months >7 represents diabetes 6 is ideal 110-120 |
| The "WNL" figure of a urine glucose test is a completely ridiculous number when monitoring blood sugar. What is that range? | 0-180. Useful in identifying danger zones but that is is. If you're dying from hypoglycemia and your sugar is 0 it will still say youre normal. - actual BG not reflected at time of test - renal threshold 180-200 |
| Urine ketone testing is useful not only for obviously detecting ketones in your weewee but also... | Detecting impending DKA. Wouldnt that be useful to know when youre about to basically go into a coma. :) |
| Normal fasting BG - 70-109 impaired (non-compliance) fasting - 110-125 Diagnostic Fasting Diabetes - 126 on 2 different days and occasions | Normal on 2hr postprandial ($5 word for after meal) & random - 70-139 Glucose impaired - 140-199 Diagnostic Diabetes - >200 |
| RAPID ACTING - _____________ ,____________________, ________________ Onset - ________________ Peak - ______________, Duration - _____________________ | Lispro (humalog) , glulisine (apidra), aspart (Novolog) |
| In type 2 diabetes _________________ is uncommon unless in stress or infection | Ketosis |
| Clinical symptoms of Hyperglycemia: (The 3 P's) | Polyuria - (excessive urination), polyphagia - (excessive eating), polydipsia - (excessive thirst) |
| Acute complication of Type 2 | Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome |
| Why is polyuria a symptom of hyperglycemia? | During hyperglycemia the serum glucose level is beyond the threshold of the kidneys. The kidneys basically say "Heck with it" and start dumping sugar the only other way they know how, in the urine. |
| Why is polyphagia a symptom of hyperglycemia? | The body basically thinks its starving during hyperglycemia. This doesnt always present. |
| Why is polydispsia a symptom of hyperglycemia? | The kidneys are dropping water trying to get rid of the sugar so you become dehydrated.Causing excessive thirst. |
| Risk factors for DM | family history, age greater or equal to 45, hypertension, race/ethinicity, history of gestational diabetes or deliver of a baby over 9lbs, obesity >20% over IDW, HDL <35mg, previously identified impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance |
| Signs and Symptoms of DM Random> __________________ Fasting> ________________ 2hr Postprandial > ______________ | 200, 126, 200 on 2 different occasions on 2 different days |
| a metabolic derangement in type 1 diabetes that results from a deficiency of insulin; highly acidic ketone bodies are formed resulting in acidosis; usually requires hospitalization for treatment and is usually caused by nonadherence | Diabetic Ketoacidosis |
| Signs and Symptoms of DKA (12) | Polyuria, poly dispsia, blurred vision, weakness, headache, orthostatic hypotension, hypotension, weak, rapid pulse, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, ABD pain |
| Nursing indication during electrolyte loss of DKA (potassium) | -Potassium will fluctuate during DKA treatment by rehydration and insulin - Cautiously/timely replacement 2 avoid dysrhythmias Monitor EKG (tall peaked T waves during high K) Monitor fluid volume Monitor I & O |
| A metabolic disorder of type 2 diabetes resulting from a relative insulin deficiency initiated by an intercurrent illness that raises the demand for insulin | Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome |
| Treatments of HHNS | fluid replacement, correct electrolyte imbalance, insulin admin, potassium IV |
| Signs and symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy | - blurry vision secondary to macular edema - sudden visual changes - spotty, hazy, or complete loss - floaters or cobwebs - cataracts, lens changes, glaucoma, -extraocular muscle palsy |
| Foot Care preventative measures? These are important to prevent their feet from rotting off. | -take care of your diabetes - inspect your feet every day - wash your feet every day -keep your skin soft and smooth - smooth corns and calluses gently -trim toenails each week or PRN - wear shoes and socks at all times - protect feet from hot and cold |
| Foot care preventative measures continued | keep the blood flowing to your feet, prop them up at every opportunity, Check w/ HCP about what you can use on your feet, avoid home remedies, reduce risk factors |
| Hemoglobin A1c - average | 4 to 6% Hemoglobin A1c is a blood test that reflects average BG levels over a period of 2 to 3 months. |
| Benefits of exercise | lower BG levels, improves circulation, improves muscle tone, improves insulin utilization, increases resting metabolic rate, alters the blood lipid concentration, increases HDL and decreased LDL |
| Benefits of fiber | Can lower blood glucose levels, decrease need for exogenous insulin, lower cholesterol and LDL levels |
| Diabetes - disease of the metabolic/endocrine system | Defect in insulin secretion and/or insulin actions causing elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) |
| In a diabetic state how does insulin respond? | Cells either dont respond to insulin or the pancreas stops producing insulin secondary to insulin resistance |
| Major sources of glucose? Not just eating... | Food absorbed in GI tract and liver forms glucose from injested food substances |
| Hormone produced by the pancreas controls level of glucose in the blood | Insulin |
| What races and ethnicities are most prone to diabetes? | White apple shaped females, hispanics, african americans, native americans |
| _______% population> 65 yo have some degree of glucose intolerance | 50% |
| Diabetes is the leading causing of nontraumatic amputations because... | They rot off |
| 50% pts. beginning _________ have DM | dialysis. |
| 3rd leading cause of death by disease (Coronary Artery Disease) 2-5X higher hospitalization in DM patients High economic cost | Nothing is on this side. :) |
| Goal for DM pts. 1. 2. | Control BG levels prevent acute/chronic complications |
| In the ______________ the islets of Langerhans contain beta cells which produce insulin | Pancreas. |
Created by:
angelinajayde
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