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Biology ISystem
chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell types in the epidermis | keratinocytes-produce protein keratin (water proof); melanocytes-produce protein melanin (absorbing UV radiation) |
| functions of integumentary system | regulate body temp., secrete body waste, protection barrier from UV rays, vitamin D synthesis, largest organ of the body |
| types of sweat glands | apocrine eccrine |
| function of the dermis | contains supporting connective tissue and accessory structures |
| dermal papillae | projections in the dermis that lead to the development of finger prints |
| factors that influence dermal papillae | fetal environment |
| structure and function of hypodermis | adipose tissue, provide insulation and help maintain homeostasis |
| subcutaneous fat; how distributed in men and women | fatty tissues lying directly under the skin layers; women-adomen, thighs, butt, breast; men-adomen |
| pigment responsible for hair color | melanin |
| causes goosebumps | rapid temp change and muscle contraction changing position |
| tanning influence skin pigmentation | increased expression of melanin in the skin; UV damage |
| fair skinned vs dark skinned at greater risk of skin cancer | the darker the skin the better the protection |
| differentiate between UVA and UVB radiation | UVA-composes 95% of UV in nature, penetrates deep in skin and leading to risk of cancer and aging; UVB-composes 5% of UV, does not penetrate into skin |
| layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis |
| anatomy of epidermis | stratified squamos-very thin, no blood vessels |
| anatomy of dermis | connective tissue containing muscle tissue, supportive tissue much thicker (accessory structure) |
| anatomy of hypodermis | mostly connective tissue with adipose rolls in insulation and temp regulation |
| apocrine | found in axillae and the groin-sweat into a hair follicle |
| eccrine | found all over body-secrete directly to the top of skin |
| The purpose of a sweat gland is to | release water and cellular waste |
| The composition of sweat includes | water, salts, nitrogenous waste from cells |
| What are nails made of | highly keratinized dead cells |
| a secondary skin pigment is | carotene |
| Explain reasoning for freckles | overexpression of melanin |
| what happens if no melanin isproduced by melanocytes | albino |
| why do cells die as the approach the top of the skin | because no blood is circulated to the top |
| what cells produce the protein melanin | melanocytes |
| Melanin absorbs | UV radiation |
| What is a tan | the result of increased expression above the normal level of melanin in the skin |
| where do new epidermal cells come from | stem cells |
| what cells produce the protein keratin | kertinocytes |
| anatomy of epidermis | stratified squamos epithelium, no blood vessels, very thin 4-5 layers thick, top layers dead |
| anatomy of dermis | connective tissue, contain muscle and nervous tissue, thicker, supportive tissue, accesory structures |
| anatomy of hypodermis | connective tissue-adipose, rols in insulation and temp regulation |
| What happens when there is friction between dermis and epidermis | leads to seperation between layers and a blister |
| why are tattoos forever unless you have laser treatments | the deposited is trapped |
| why does the hypodermis need to store fat | to provide insulation |
| where do woman store fat | abdomen, thighs, butt, breast |
| where do men store fat | abdomen |
| explain visceral fat | surrounds organs and protects them |
| composition of sweat includes | water, salts, nitrogenous wastes from cells |
| The parts of the body that do not have hair | soles of feet palms and lips |
| the length of hair is influenced by | the length of time the follicle is active-hormonal changing |
| what happens to cause grey hair | melanin is not being produced any more |
| hair grows out of | follicles |
| what is arrector pili | contract to change the positioning of the follicle |
| What are nerve endings | when u can feel hair being pulled out of its follicle |
| What are sebaceous glands | create sebum, to keep follicle clean and free of debri |
Created by:
britchwo
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