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InflammatoryBowel

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease Immuniologically-related disorders that include: Chrohn's Disease & Ulcerative colitis.
IBD: I Characterized by chronic, recurrent inflammation of the intestinal tract.
S & SX Long periods of remission with episodes of acute inflammation.
Possible Causes: Infectious diseases; autoimmune reaction; food allergies & Heredity.
Ulcerative Colitis Inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum.
Other Peaks between 15-25. Both sexs.
Diffuse Inflammation Inflammation directed towards the mucosa and submucosa. The inflammation alternates periods of remission & exacerbations.
Patho: UC usually begins in the rectum and sigmoid colon and spreads up the colon in a continuous pattern. Multiple abscesses develop in the intestinal glands. Abscesses break via into the submucosa and leave an ulcer.
Patho II The ulcer destroys the submucosa resulting bleeding and diarrhea. Fluid & electrolyte losses, protein loss and polyps.
Patho II Granular tissue develops & the mucosa musculature becomes thickened and shortens the colon.
Major symptoms: Bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. Weight loss.
Complications: Intestinal Hemorrhage, perforation, strictures, colon dilation, cancer and toxic megacolon.
Complications: Extraintestinal R/t to Colitis or R/t to immune system.
DX: Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, barium enema, CBC, electrolytes, BUN, Creatinine, albumin & culture stools.
Care: Drug of choice Sulfasalazine & 5-ASA: to treat episodes and maintain remission.
Other Drugs: Corticosteriods: inflammation. Immunosuppressive drugs: suppress the immune system. Anti-microbial drugs: treat secondary infection.
Surgery: Indications Failure to respond to treatment, frequent episodes, massive bleeding and developed dysplasia or carcinoma.
Total colectomy and ileoanal reservoir Removes the small intestine and rectum. Small intestine are folded and stapled together. The internal walls are removed thus forming a reservoir. This reserovir is stapled where the rectum was.
Post-Op care: Observe signs for hemorrhage, ab abscess, small bowel obstruction, dehydration & other complications.
Nutrition therapy: Low-residue diet provides low in fibre which will result in reduced amount of fecal material in the lower GI tract. High calorie and protein diet. Vitamin and Iron supplements.
Created by: libbygal_77
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