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PLO A
Biology 12 PLOs, Topic A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the cell membrane, and how does that relate to its structure? | The cell membrane is the "gate-keeper" of the cell. It regulates the entrance and exit of particles in the cell. It is a fluid mosaic membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic tails in, hydrophilic heads out) with proteins embedded in. |
| How does the structure of the mitochondrion enable it for its function? | The mitochondrion's double membrane allows for a folded (called cristae) inner membrane, increasing surface area for the production of ATP energy via cellular respiration. |
| Explain the differences between the structures and functions of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulums. | The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a folded membrane covered in ribosomes. In this way, it is a "protein factory" allowing increased protein synthesis. The smooth ER is a folded membrane which produces steroids, phospholipids, and detoxifies the cell. |
| Describe a ribosome. Include its structure, function, and location. | Ribosomes are formed from two small solid subunits. These are composed of ribosomal RNA and proteins, made in the nucleus. Ribosomes are the sites for protein synthesis. They are located free in the cytoplasm and in the rough ER. |
| How is the Golgi Apparatus designed for its function of "packaging and shipping" proteins? | The membranous flattened saccules which compose the Golgi allow vesicles to meld with it and deposit their proteins inside it. It also allows vesicles to form, carrying proteins elsewhere. |
| How does the vesicle's membrane sac allow it to function in the cell? | Due to it's membranous exterior, the vesicle can fuse with the cell wall during the processes of exocytosis. It allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi to pick up or deliver proteins. |
| What is the purpose of vacuoles? | Vacuoles are mainly for water storage, although they can hold waste products or food sources as well. In plant cells, there is usually one central large vacuole which stores water and maintains turgur pressure. |
| Explain how the presence of lysosomes increase efficiency in the cell. | Lysosomes are digestive bodies. In the cell, the enzymes present therein digest molecules and produce waste to be excreted. They also digest dead cell organelles, saving the energy needed to ship them out. |
| Describe the parts of the nucleus, and their functions. | The nucleus contains genetic information (chromatin). The nuclear envelope surrounds and protects the nucleus. The nuclear pores allow particles (i.e. ribosomal subunits) to leave the nucleus. The nucleolus produces the rRNA and ribosomal subunits. |
Created by:
ebethjanna
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