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Muscle anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four types of tissue? | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| what is the location, appearance, and control of skeletal muscle? | attached to bones, striated, voluntary |
| what is the location, appearance and control of smooth muscle? | viscera, smooth, involuntary |
| what is the location, appearance, and control of cardiac muscle? | heart, striated & branched, involuntary |
| What are 4 characteristics of muscle tissue? | excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity |
| What does excitability mean? | the ability to receive stimulus and respond to it |
| Other than muscle, what is the only other excitable tissue? | nervous tissue |
| what does extensibility mean? | the ability to stretch |
| what does contractility mean? | the ability to shorten |
| what does elasticity mean? | the ability of a muscle to return to normal |
| what are the four functions of muscle? | movement/locomotion, maintains posture, body heat, helps stabilize joints |
| explain the movement/locomotion function of muscle. | functions within the body that the muscle aids in like passing of urine, movement of digestive tract, etc; body movement of limbs etc |
| explain the "maintains posture" function of muscle. | muscles working together holds the body upright |
| explain the "body heat" function of muscle. | most of the body's heat comes from the contraction of muscles |
| why do old people always get cold? | they have less muscle mass than younger people |
| skeletal muscle has ____ supply and ____ supply | nerve & vascular |
| What does the epimysium cover? | the entire muscle |
| what does the paramysium cover? | fasicles |
| what does the endomysium cover? | muscle cells |
| what are fasicles? | bundles of muscle cells within muscles |
| what is the sarcolemma? | the cell membrane in a muscle cell |
| what is the sarcoplasm? | the cytoplasm in the muscle cell |
| what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | similar to the endoplasmic reticulum in the muscle cell |
| what is the principal of complimentarity? | what a structure looks like compliments what a structure can do. |
| name 5 structures unique to muscle cells | glycosomes, myoglobin, myofibrils, t tubules, triads |
| what are glycosomes? | glucose stored as glycogen in cells to ensure that energy is readily available |
| what is myoglobin? | red pigment that pull extra oxygen into the cell to ensure that oxygen is readily available |
| what are myofibrils? | rodlike structures packed into one muscle cell that extends the entire length of the cell that are made up of filaments |
| what are t tubules? | projections inward that cuts across actin and forms the z line; crosses between sarcolemma and the cell interior |
| what are triads? | terminale cisternae with a t tubule in between and another terminal cisternae |
| what are the 2 filaments in myofibrils? | thick filaments and thin filaments |
| thick filaments = | myosin |
| thin filaments = | actin |
| myosin and actin are.... | contractile protiens |
| what are troponin and tropomyosin? | regulatory on actin, they wrap around each other on actin and they block the connection from myosin |
| what is the I band on a microfibril? | the light area where there is no myosin |
| what is the A band on a microfibril? | dark area of a sacromere where there is both actin and myosin |
| what is the M line on a microfibril? | the dark lines in the middle of the H zone; the attachment protein |
| what is the H zone on a microfibril? | the light area where there is no actin in the middle of an A zone |
| what is the Z line on a microfilbril? ** | |
| what is a sarcomere? | from Z line to Z line; contractile unit of muscle |
| Why is there no connection at binding site when a muscle is relaxed? | because the troponin and tropomyosin are blocking the connection to the myosin |
| WHat happens at the binding site when calcium is released? | troponin and tropomyosin bind to the calcium and the cross bridges on myosin flip, and then actin slides in to attach and connect |
| what changes size during contraction? | only the I band |
| what is the sliding filament theory? | when muscle contracts, filaments slide past each other |
| Explain sarcoplasmic reticulum | it is special smooth Endoplasmic reticulum that covers myofibrils longitudinally |
| What are terminal cisternae? | blind sacs that release calcium |
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