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ch 7
respiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cellular respiration | the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide |
| pyruvic acid | the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis |
| glycolisis | the anaerobic breakdown of glucose pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP |
| anaerobic | a process that doesn't use oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | if oxygen is present, pyruvic Acid is broken down into NADH and is used to make large amounts of ATP. |
| NAD+ | NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADH |
| fermentation | the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen |
| lactid acid fermentation | the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product |
| alcoholic fermentation | the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol |
| kilocalorie | a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories |
| mitochondrial matrix | the fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion |
| acetyl Co-A | acetyl coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism |
| krebs cycle | a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy |
| citric acid | a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle |
| FAD | flavin adenine dinucleotide, a compound that acts as a hydrogen acceptor in dehydrogenation reactions |
| oxaloacetic acid | a four carbon compound |
| NADH | electron carrier molecule. |