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Ritchel Ch14 Cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Whole blood is made of what 2 key components? | blood plasma, formed elements |
| Blood plasma is made of what 3 key components? | proteins, water, other solutes |
| What are the 3 main proteins found in blood? | platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells |
| What are the 6 solutes commonly found in blood? | electrolytes, mutrients, gases, regulatory substances, Vitamins, waste products |
| What is the definition of a formed element? | Contains red blood cells, white blood cells which contain granular leukocytes (neutophils, eosinophils, basophils), agranular leukocytes (T&B lymphocytes & natural killers, monocytes) and platelets. |
| What are the 3 classes of formed elements? | platelets, white blood cells, red blood cells |
| What are the 5 classes of red blood cells? | neutophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
| Describe the process of red blood cell formation by stating the relationship between the terms erythocyte and erythopoesis. | If the oxygen capacity falls because erythopoesis doesn't keep up with red blood cell destruction, the production of erythocyte increases. |
| Describe the process of red blood cell formation by stating the relationship between reticulocytes and red blood cells. | Reticulocytes turn into mature red blood cells between a day or 2 after being released from bone marrow. |
| What is the role of a neutophil? | It first responds to invading bacteria, releasing lysozyme that destroys the bacteria. |
| What is the role of a monocyte? | Reaches the infection site by taking longer than neutophils and eventually arriving in larger numbers. |
| What is the role of an eosinophil? | It leaves capillaries and enters the interstial fluid releasing enzymes that resist inflammation in allergic reactions. |
| What is the role of a basophil? | Goes into tissues after leaving capillaries releasing heparin, histamine, and seretonin which increase the inflammatory reaction. |
| What is the role of B, T and natural killer cells? | B cells: Develop into plasma cells producing antibodies which destroy bacteria. T cells: Attack viruses, fungi, transplanted and cancerous cells, and some bacteria. Natural killer cells: Attack infectious microbes and random tumor cells. |
| What is homeostasis? | Series of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured. |
| What are the 3 methods of reduction of blood cells? | 1.vascular spasm 2.platelet plug formation 3.blood clotting |
| What is a hemorrhage? | loss of a large amount of blood from the vessels. |
| How does vascular spasm aid in homeostasis? | Reduces blood loss for minutes to hours allowing other homeostatic mechanismas to begin operating. |
| How does platelet plug formation aid in homeostasis? | It can stop blood loss completely if the hole in a blood vessel is small enough. |
| How does clotting aid in homeostasis? | A series of chemical reactions that ends in the formation of fibrin threads. |
| What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus? | A thrombus is the clot itself while an embolus is a blood clot, bubble of air, broken bone fat, or pieces of debris transported by the blood stream. |
| What is a pulmonary embolism and why is is dangerous? | A condition where the most common site for the embolus to become lodged is in the lungs. This results include right ventricular failure and death within minutes/hours. |
| What makes one blood group different from another? | ABO blood group is based on 2 isoantigens-antigens A & B and RH blood group lacks the RH antigen. |
| How is type A blood different from type B blood? | type A contains anti-A antibody and type B contains anti-B antibody, A blood has antigens on the suface of RBC and anti-B antibodies in your blood plasma. |
| How is type AB blood different from types a or B? | AB is both antigen A & B together rather than separate. |
| What does an anti-A antibody do? What does an anti-B antibody do? | anti-A antibody reacts with antigen A. anti-B antibody reacts with antigen B. |
| Who has an anti-A antibody? Who does not? | anyone with type A or O blood has anti-A antibody. anyone with type B or AB doesn't. |
| Who has an anti-B antibody? Who does not? | Anyone with type B or O blood has anti-B antibody. Anyone with type A or AB doesn't. |
| What happens in an incompatible blood transfusion? | antibodies in the recipients plasma bind to the antigens on the donated red blood cells. |
| What is the difference between Rh+ and Rh- blood? | Rh+ has the Rh antigen, Rh- lacks the Rh antigen. |
| What is anemia and what are the symptoms of anemia? | It's a condition where the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced. Symptoms:fatigue, intolerant of cold & heat production, pale skin. |
| What is the cause of iron-deficiency anemia? | monthly menstrual blood loss. |
| What is the cause of pericious anemia? | Insufficient hemopoesis resulting from an inability of the stomach to produce intrinsic factor. |
| What is the cause of hemorrhagic anemia? | excessive loss of red blood cells through bleeding. |
| What is the cause of hemolytic anemia? | results from inherited defects or from outside agents-parasites, toxins, antibodies from incompatible transfusion of blood. |
| what is the cause of thalassemia? | abnormality in 1 or more of the 4 polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin molecule. |
| What is the cause of aplactic anemia? | toxins, gamma radiation, certain medication that inhibit enzymes need for hemopoesis. |
| What are the causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia? | causes;abnormal kkind of hemoglobin, symptoms:prolonged oxygen reduction can cause extensive tissue damage. |
| What are the causes and symptoms of hemophilia? | causes:difficiencies of different blood clotting factors and exhibit varying degrees of severity. symptoms:intramuscular hemorrhaging, nosebleeds, blood in the urine, hemorrhages in joints causing pain and tissue damage. |
| What are the causes and symptoms of leukemia? | Causes;mature leukocytes accumulate in the bloodstream because they don't die at the end of their normal life span. symptoms:abnormal accumulation of mature leukocytes may be reduced by radiation treatments. |
| Reticulocyte | counting the volume of reticulocytes in a sample of blood-measures the rate of erythropoesis. |
| Hematocrit | total blood volume is occupied by red blood cells. |
| Differential WBC count | Count various forms of WBC to assess for infections and manufacture of WBCs. |
| Complete blood count | Measure volume of all blood components, measures blood components that are out of range. |
| -emia | blood condition |
| erythr(o)- | red |
| gluc(o)- | sugar, glucose |
| glyc(o) | sugar, sweet |
| hem(o), hemat(o) | blood, hemorrhage |
| -rrhagia | hemorrhage, excessive discharge |
| phleb(o) | vein |
| thromb(o) | blood clot |
Created by:
kelsyritchel
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