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Ch. 7 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Cellular Respiration the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates; atmospheric oxygen combines with glucose to form water and carbon dioxide
Pyruvic Acid the three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolysis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follow glycolysis
NADH electron molecule carrier,Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Anaerobic describes a process that does not require oxygen
Aerobic Respiration describes a process that requires oxygen; through this process, oxygen is present in the cell's environment, pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP
Glycolysis the anaerobic breakdown of glucose pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADH
Fermentation the breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen
Lactic Acid Fermentation the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product
Alcoholic Fermentation the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol
Kilocalorie a unit of energy equal to 1,000 cal
Mitochondrial Matrix the fluid that is inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Krebs Cycle a series of biochemical reactions that convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water; it is the major pathway of oxidation in animal, bacterial, and plant cells, and it releases energy
Citric Acid a six-carbon compound formed in the Krebs cycle
Created by: mlavelle
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