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BIO TAG

Quiz Material for Mutations Jan 2012

QuestionAnswer
What are the 2 main kinds of mutations 1. gene mutations 2. chromosomal mutation
There are 3 kinds of GENE mutations called: 1. point mutations. 2. base substitutions 3. base insertions or deletions
Define point mutations changes in one or a few nucleotides
Define base substitutions in gene mutations one base is change to another. usually only affects one amino acid
define base insertions or deletions in gene mutations base is inserted or removed from DNA sequence. The cause is frame shift. May cause a change in every amino after the point of mutation
What kind of mutation is this: Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat. Mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat. point mutation
What kind of mutation is this: Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat. Mutation: The fat ate the wee rat. deletion
What kind of mutation is this: Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat. Mutation: The fat XLX cat ate the wee rat. Insertion
Define Chromosomal mutations change in number or structure of chromosomes. May change location of genes on chromosomes. may change number of copies of genes. Includes deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations
What 3 things cause mutations (mutagenesis)? 1. spontaneously 2. unknown causes 3. physical or chemical agent called a mutagen such as x-rays, UV light, various types of chemicals
What are results from mutations? 1. many are nutral 2. harmful - defective proteins, cancer 3. beneficial- plant and animal breeders may take advantage of an extra set of chromosomes, stronger plants, genetic diversity, natural selection
Define polyploidy extra set of chromosomes
Created by: stinglasher23
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