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-Microbiology CH1
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In 1668 who demonstrated that maggots appeared only in decaying meat that had been exposed to flies? | Francesco Redi |
| Who introduced the concept that living cells arise from other living cells? | Rudolph Virchow |
| Who introduced the technique of vaccination for smallpox? | Edward Jenner |
| Who first used the microscope and observed "cells" | Robert Hooke |
| Who made an association between slikworm disease and fungus? | Agostino Bassi |
| Who was the surgeon who used carbolic acid to control wound infections? | Joseph Lister |
| Who first speculated about the possibility of a "magic bullet" that would destroy a pathogen without harming the host | Paul Ehrlich |
| Who discovered Penicillin? | Alexander Fleming |
| Who used anthrax as a model, demonstrating that a specific microorganism is the cause of a specific disease? | Robert Koch |
| Who originated our system of scientific nomenclature? | Carolus Linnaeus |
| Who assigned a microbial cause to fermentation | Louis Pasteur |
| Who was the first to crystalize a virus | Wendell Stanley |
| Who showed that mild heating of spirits kills spoilage bacteria without damage to the beverage | Louis Pasteur |
| Who devised a classification system for the streprococci based on an immunological system of serotypes. | Rebecca Lancefield |
| Who demostrated that infections in obstetrical wards could be minimized by disinfecting the hands of doctors | Ignaz Semmelweis |
| Who first demonstrated that genetic information could be exchanged between bacteria by conjugation | Joshua Lederberg |
| Prokaryotes | Bacteria |
| Noncellular, reproduce only inside cells of host organism | viruses |
| Helminths | Multicellular animal parasites |
| Yeasts | Fungi |
| An infectious protein | Prion |
| Unicellular eukaryote microorganisms, members of Kingdom Protista | Protozoa |
| Protection from a disease that is provided by vaccination. | Immunity |
| The use of chemical substances to treat disease | Chemotherapy |
| The use of microbes to clean up, for example oil spills | Bioremediation |
| The process which yeast changes sugars into alcohol | Fermentation |
| Techniques that keep areas free of unwanted microorganisms | Aseptic |
| Photosynthetic bacteria; may fix nitrogen from air | Cyanobacteria |
| Photosynthetic eukaryotes | Algae |
| Eukaryotes classified primarily by their means of locomotion | Protozoa |
| General name for a rod-shaped bacterium | Bacillus |
| General name fora spherical bacterium | Coccus |
| Prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan and are often found in extreme environments | Archaea |
| Bacteria generally reproduce by a process called ___ into two equal daughter cells. | binary fission |
| The set of criteria that prove that a specific microorganism is the cause of a specific disease is known today as ___ ___. | Koch Postulates |
| The concept that living cells can arise only from other living cells is called ___. | biogenesis |
| Responding to experiments in which nutrient fluids were heated in sealed containers, proponents of spontaneous generation objected that heating destroyed some ___ ___ in the air. | Vital Force |
| According to the rules applied to the scientific naming of a biological organism, the ___ name is always capitalized. | genus |
| Paul Ehrlich discovered an arsenic derivative, ___, that was effective against syphilis. | salvarsan |
| Antimicrobial chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi are called ___. | antibiotics |
| Bacteria usually exist in nature not as single cells but as aggregations of cells called a/n ___. | biofilm |
| What are three characteristics unique to prokaryotes | -Single, circular chromosome that is not enclosed by a nuclear envelope -Lack true organelles -have peptidoglycan in their cell walls -Binary fission is a common form of reproduction |
| The ___ which is the first name in a nomenclature is always capitalized, and the ___ ___, which follows and is not capitalized. | -genus -specific epithet (species) |
| ___ and ___ are simple, one-celled organisms whose genetic material is not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane. For this reason these are called prokaryotes. | Bacteria and archaea |
| Protozoa are classified by what? | locomotion |
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