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BIO Benchmark #6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Skeletal/Muscular System | To support the body, protect vital organs, storage of minerals and movement |
| The Nervous/Sensory System | To detect Stimuli, transmit information and to generate a reaction |
| The Cardiovascular/Respiratory System | To take oxygen, pass it to the cells, collect CO2 and remove it from the body |
| The Excretory System | To collect liquid waste and remove it from the body |
| The Endocrine System | To create and transport hormones |
| The Reproductive System | To create and allow passage of gametes, and provide a protective environment for a developing system |
| The Digestive System | To breakdown, food, absorb nutrients, and prepare solid waster for removal from the body |
| Tendons | Connect the muscle to the bone |
| Ligaments | attach one bone to another bone |
| Neuron | A nerve cell that can transmit electrical signals |
| Arteries and Veins | Contain blood so the oxygen rich and oxygen-poor blood does not mix |
| Kidney | Filter waste from the body |
| Urethra | A tube that allows urine to flow from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| Pituitary Gland | Produce growth hormones and other control hormones |
| Ovary | Produces growth hormones and other control hormones |
| Fallopian Tubes | Transports ovum |
| Penis | Transports of sperm |
| Gall Bladder | Stores bile |
| Small Intestine | Absorbs nutrients from newly digested |
| Rectum | Condense and transport waste to the anus |
| How do single celled organisms interact with their environment? | Chemical Diffusion |
| What two things make up nervous tissue? | Neurons and their supporting cells |
| What is the purpose of myelin sheathing? | It makes the signal travel faster down the axon |
| What is the name for the electrical signals transmitted by the neurons? | Nerve Impulses |
| What are nerve impulses responsible for in humans? | Movement Emotions Perceptions Learning Thought |
| Dendrites | Receive information from other cells and pass it to the cell body |
| Cell Body | Contains the nucleus and most of the organelles |
| Axon | A long membrane-covered extension of cytoplasm that is to transmit a signal to another cell |
| Axon Terminals | The ends touch the cells to pass the signal along |
| What specific cells create the myelin sheathing in the peripheral nervous system? | The Schwann Cells |
| What is the gap between myelin cells? | Nodes of Ranvier |
| Which side of a cell membrane is more negatively charged? | The inside more then the outside |
| Membrane Potential | A cell membrane's inner surface has a different electrical charge then the outside surface of the cell |
| What factors determine the direction of ion movement across a cell membrane? | The concentration of ions The ability of ions to move across the cell membrane The electrical charge of the ions |
| Membrane Potential is described using what unit of measurement? | Voltage |
| What is the function of ion channels in a cell? | Allow charged proteins to pass through the cell membrane |
| What is a resting membrane potential? | When neuron is nor transmitting an impulse |
| What is action potential? | A local reversal of polarity, from a negative charge to a positive charge, inside the neutron. The action potential moves down the axon. |
| What happens to the electrical charge on either side of a cell membrane during an action potential? | It becomes more positive then the outside |
| What is the resting potential (when an impulse is not being sent by a membrane) in mV? | It is very quickly restored to normal by the action of the sodium-potassium pump |
| Synapse | The space between two nerve cells |
| Does a nerve cell come in direct contact with the next cell in line, or does it just get very close to it? | |
| What is the name for the chemicals that are released by the axon terminals? | |
| What is the name for the chemicals that are released by the axon terminals? | |
| Acetylcholine | Is used inside the muscles |
| Glutamate | Is used inside the brain |
| Norepinephrine and Dopamine | Cause the feeling pleasure |
| Enkaphalines and Endorphins | Block pain signals |
| Central Nervous System | Consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Consists of sensory and motor neurons |
| Which of these two systems interprets and responds to information from the environment and inside the body? | Central nervous system |
| How many neurons does the brain contain? | 100 billion |
| Cerebrum | 1.)largest part of the brain 2.) location of memory, learning, perception 3.) divided into left and right hemispheres |
| Cerebral Cortex | 1.) contains mostly of cell bodies of neurons 2.) also called grey matter |
| Cerebellum | 1.) found at the base of the brain 2.) regulates balance posture and movement 3.) regulates muscle contractions to make movements |
| Brain Stem | 1.) contain falamise, hypofalamise, and medulaagata 2.) important for maintaining homeostasis by regulating vital body functions |
| Spinal Cord | Reflexes |
| Dorsal Root | Sensory neurons that carry information to CNS |
| Ventral Root | Motor neurons that carry information from CNS to muscles and glands |
| Which part of the peripheral nervous system directs sensory information to the central nervous system? | Sensory division |
| Reflexes like the knee-jerk reflex are an example of what system? | Involuntary Somatic |
| • If a giant, starving puma were to get loose in the school and start chasing you down the hall, what system would be activated, causing you to respond with a “fight or flight” moment? | The sympathetic |
Created by:
oliviaanntherese
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