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Science of Biology

Scientific Method, Lab Safety, Lab Tools and Equip, Measurement

QuestionAnswer
asexual reproduction Reproduction in which the new organism has a single parent. The new organism has the same genetic makeup as its single parent cell.
What is the goal of science? The goal of science is to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.
science Refers to the body of knowledge that scientists have built up anfer years of using evidence to learn about the natural world.
observation The process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way. Observation involves using the senses, sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell
data The information gathered from observations.
quantitative data Data expressed as numbers. Quantitative data is usually obtained by counting or measuring.
qualitative data Data that is descriptive and involves characteristics that usually cannot be counted.
inference A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience.
hypothesis A proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. Scientific hypotheses must be proposed in a way that enables them to be tested.
controlled experiment An experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time, keeping all other variables unchanged.
theory Applies to a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. A theory is never considered the absolute truth. As new evidence is uncovered, a theory may be revised or replaced.
What are the characteristics of living things Living things are made up of cells. They reproduce. They grow and develop. They are based on a genetic code. They obtain food and use it to produce energy. They respont to their environment. They maintain homeostasis. They change over time.
Biology The science that seeks to understand the living world.
Biologist An individual who uses scientific methods to study living things.
Cell A collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings. Cells are the smallest units of an organism that can be considered alive. They can grow, respond to their surroundings and reproduce.
Sexual Reproduction Two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism. Example: A woman's egg uniting with a man's sperm.
Metabolism The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes.
Stimulus A signal to which an organism responds. Stimuli can be external, coming from the environment outside the organism, or internal, coming from within the organism itself.
Homeostasis Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. Example: Your body responds to internal needs to maintain a constant body temperature.
Evolution The ability of organisms to change over time.
What are the levels of organization of living systems? Molecules, Cells, Groups of Cells, Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere
The Metric System The common system of measurement used by most scientists when collecting data and performing experiments. The metric system is a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on physical standards and scaled in multiples of 10
Meter Standard metric unit of length
Liter Standard metric unit of volume
Gram Standard metric unit of weight
centi 1/100 of the standard metric unit. Examples: 100 centimeters = meter.
kilo 1000 times standard metric unit. 1000 meters = 1 kilometer
milli 1/1000 of the standard metric unit. 1000 millimeters = 1 meter. 1000 milligrams = 1 gram
Freezing point of water 0 degrees C
Boiling point of water 100 degrees C
Manipulated (Independent) variable The factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely changes. This is the variable being TESTED.
Responding (Dependent) variable Factor in an experiment that a scientist wants to observe. This variable may be changed by the variable manipulated by the scientist. This is the RESULT that the scientist sees.
Created by: smerrill
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