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Twenters Ch13 cards

anatomy flash cards

QuestionAnswer
Endocrine Glands Cells secrete their products into interstital fluid (the fluid that surrounds tissue cells). Then the hormones diffuse into capillaries and blood carries them throughout the body.
Exocrine Glands Secrete their products into ducts that carry them into a body cavity, into the lumen of an organ, or onto the outer surface of the body.
Role of Target Cells and Receptor Sites Target cells respond when they come into contact with hormones. Recptors bind and recognize the hormone.
Locations of Receptor Sites for Lipid and Water Soluble Hormones Lipid Soluble Site: receptors within the target cell Water Soluble Site: receptors tha protrude from the target cell surface
3 Ways Hormone Secretions are Controlled 1. Signals from the nervous system 2. Chemical changes in the blood 3. Other hormones
Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Causes the production of IGH (insulinlike growth hormone) which causes the body cells to duplicate
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Stimulates the secretion and synthesis of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) FSH-stimulates reproductive organs to produce follicles & stimulates sperm production in males. LH-Stimulates the female reproductive organs to begin ovulation & promotes the production of estrogen & progesterone.Stimulates testosterone in males.
Prolactin (PRL) Triggers milk production in the mammery glands
Oxytocin Stimlulates the uterine contrations during labor and stimulates lactation in the mammery glands
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Causes the kidneys to retain more water, increasing the urin volume, constricts arterioles, and raising BP
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) Controls the basal metabolic rate, the body energy used, temperature and cell metabolism
Glucagon Increases blood glucose level when it is too low
Insulin Lowers blood glucose level when it is too high
Cortisol Promotes protein breakdown, breakdown of triglycerides, and decreases inflammation caused by white blood cells
Epinephrine Increases the functions for the Flight or Fight syndrome and works mostly on the heart pumping blood
Norepinephrine Same are Epinephrine but works on the rest of the body rather then just the heart
Estrogen and Progesteron Female sex hormones that regulate the menstual cycle, maintain pregnancy and promotes lactation. Also establish and maintain the feminine body shape
Cushings Disease Cause: Caused by having too much cortisol Symptoms: Spindly arms and legs, a rounded "moon face", humpon back and hanging abdomen
Addisons Disease Cause: Caused by having too little cortisol Symptoms: Mental lethargy, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, hypoglycemia, and muscular weakness
Type I Diabetes Cause: Causes bu having not enough insulin because the pancreas is insufficient Symptoms: the beta cells have been destroyed
Type II Diabetes Cause: By having too high blood glucose because the target cells are insufficient Symptoms: overweight
Hyperinsulinism Cause: By having too low blood glucos because there is too much insulin in the blood Symptoms: hypoglycemia
lact(o) milk
acromegaly enlarged and distorted extremities of the face
acidosis accumulation of acids in the blood
anorexia loss of appetite
cachexia state of malnutrition, wasting
diaphoresis excessive sweating
emaciation extremely thin, wasting
gangrene death of tissue secondary to low oxygen levels
hypophysectomy removal of pituitary gland
neurophathy disease of nerves, commone with diabetes
Created by: rachelt
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