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Unit 8 Evolution

QuestionAnswer
Lamarck Discovered the Law of Use and Disuse & the Law of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Darwin traveled on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands observing and collecting samples of organisms. Proposed the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Law of Use and Disuse parts of the body that are used become more developed;unused body parts become smaller and eventually disappear
Law of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Organisms can pass traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring.
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection individuals with traits best suited for a specific environment survived and passed on these traits to their offspring
Artificial selection humans select desired traits through breeding (selective breeding)
Natural selection environment (nature) selects the desired traits
Always struggle for survival because of limited resources of... Food, water, shelter
The 4 main principles to the theory of natural selection Overproduction, Variation, adaptations, Descent with modification
Overproduction A species producing more offspring than they can survive
Adaptations a feature that allows organisms to better survive in their environment
Variations heritable differences among individuals
Descent with modification over time, natural selection will produce more individuals with the adaptations that are better suited for a particular environment
Industrial Melanism POLLUTION changed the color of the habitats of the Peppered Moths
Stabilizing Selection favors intermediate phenotype;reduces variation
Directional Selection favors phenotype at one extreme;leads to rapid evolution
disruptive selection favors both extreme phenotypes;intermediate phenotype is eliminated;leads to evolution of 2 new species
Gene pool all the genes in all individuals in a population
allele frequency measures how common an allele is in a population
2 sources of genetic variation mutation, new combinations of alleles
Adaptation variations that improve an organism's chances for survival & reproduction
Physical adaptation (3 types) Chemical (carries poisons/toxins), Mechanical (camouflage, mimicry), Structural (claws, fangs)
Behavioral adaptation actions taken by an organism to prolong survival (running, migration)
Genetic Drift causes a loss of genetic diversity
Bottleneck effect drastically reduces population size
Founders effect occurs when starting a new population
gene flow movement of alleles from one population to another
mutation permanent change in DNA
Sexual selection selects for traits that improve mating success
Natural selection selects traits advantageous for survival
Speciation the rise of 2 or more species from one existing species
Geographical isolation isolated by physical barriers
behavioral isolation differences in courtship and mating behaviors
temporal isolation timing of reproductive periods prevents mating
convergent evolution describe evolution toward similar traits in unrelated species
divergent evolution describes evolution toward different traits in closely related species
coevolution 2 or more species evolve together
adaptive radiation many species evolve from one species
biochemical evidence closely related organisms have similar DNA/amino acids/protein sequences, also suggests common ancestry
Comparative anatomy comparison of anatomy reveals basic structural similarities indicating common ancestry
comparative embryology compares embryos to show similar developmental patterns
Created by: kaatherine
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