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Microbio Vocab 3-3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| /Archaea/ | one of three domains, prokaryotes, simple microbes that can survive under extreme conditions, no peptidoglycan |
| Archaeans | members of the domain Archaea |
| Asexual Reproduction | a type of reproduction in which a single organism is the sole parent; it passes copies of its entire genome to its offspring |
| /Bacteria/ | one of three domains, prokaryotes, cell walls contain peptidoglycan |
| Bacteria | microorganisms in the domain Bacteria |
| Cell Theory | the theory stating that all living organisms are composed of cells |
| Cell Wall | the outermost layer of many types of cells, it serves to protect the cell |
| Conjugation | the union of two bacterial cells for the purpose of genetic transfer, not a form of reproduction |
| Cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm resulting in two daughter cells, follows mitosis |
| Diploid Cells | eukaryotic cells containing two sets of chromosomes |
| Endospore | thick-walled, resistant body formed within a bacterial cell for the purpose of survival |
| /Eukarya/ | one of the three domains, members are eukaryotes |
| Fimbriae | hairlike surface projections possessed by some bacteria |
| Generation Time | time required for a cell to split into two cells |
| Genus | the first name in binomial nomenclature, contains closely related species |
| Haploid Cells | eukaryotic cells containing only one set of chromosomes |
| Life Cycle | the generation-to-generation sequence of stages that occur in the history of an organism |
| Meiosis | the type of cell division that results in the formation of haploid gametes |
| Mitosis | the type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each of which contains exactly the same number of chromosomes as parent cell |
| Protists | members of the kingdom Protista, includes algae and protozoa |
| Protoplasm | the semifluid matter within living cells |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a macromolecule of which there are three types: messenger (mRNA), ribosomal (rRNA), and transfer (tRNA) |
| Sex Pilus | a specialized pilus through which one bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another bacterial cell in a process called conjugation |
| Sexual Reproduction | type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents |
| Specific Epithet | the second part, or "second name", in the name of a species that cannot be used alone |
| Sporulation | production of spores |
| Taxa | names given to various groups in taxonomy (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species) |
| Taxonomy | the systematic classification for all living things |
| Tyndallization | a process of boiling and cooling in which spores are allowed to germinate and then vegetative bacteria are killed by boiling again |
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