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bio 2..
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the simplest animals with bilateral symmetry? | flatworms |
| what are the three germ layers that are developed from bilaterally symmetrical animals? | ectoderm,mesoderm, and endoderm. |
| what do the three layers have to do with the flatworms body? | the three layers are pressed together and form a solid body. |
| why are flatworms acoelomates? | because flatworms do not have a hollow body cavity between the endoderm and the mesoderm. |
| what roll does diffusion play involving flatworms? | the cells can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly with the environment through diffusion. |
| what do flatworms survive without that mostly every animal needs to survive? | flatworms can survive with out a circulatory system and a respiratory system. |
| most flatworms have a __________ which is a gut with a single opening and a mouth. | gastrovascular cavity |
| where is food taken in and digested at? | gastrovascular cavity |
| 20,000 species of flatworms are divided into 4 classes | turbellaria, trematoda,monogenea, and cestoda |
| most familiar turbellarian is? | the freshwater planarian Dugesia |
| what do planarians feed on? | the scavenge for bits of decaying plant,animal, and a small organism named protozoa. |
| where is food ingested? | it is ingested through a muscular tube called the pharynx |
| what is the cerebral ganglia? | it is a simple brain |
| what does the cerebral ganglia do? | they receive information from sensory cells and transmit signals to the muscles along a ladderlike arrangement of nerves |
| how do planarians sense intensity and direction of light? | with two cup shaped eyespots |
| can planarians mate with other individuals? | yes they can mate with their own species |
| what sex is planarians? | planarians are hermaphrodites, they have both male sex organs (testes) and female sex organs (ovaries) |
| what classes do trematoda and monogenea consists of? | they consists of parasitic flukes, leaf shaped flatworms that parasitize many kinds of animals and humans |
| some flukes are ______? | endoparasites that live in the blood, intestines,lungs, liver, or other oragans |
| others are _____? | ectoparasites that live on the external surface of aquatic hosts, such as frogs and fish |
| how does a fluke cling to its host? | it uses its anterior sucker and a ventral sucker |
| what does the anterior sucker do? | it surrounds the flukes mouth which draws the host's body fluids into the gastrocascular cavity |
| are flukes nervous system similar to planarians? | yes they are similar but flukes have no eyespots and their other sensory structures are very simple |
| what covers the external layer of a fluke? | tegument, the outer zone of the tegument consist of a layer of proteins and carbohydrates that makes the fluke resistant to the defenses of the host's immune system |
| where are the fertilized eggs stored? | they are stored in the flukes uterus, which is a long, coiled tube |
| what is the results of schistosome eggs that do not leave the humans body? | the eggs with block blood vessels and cause irritation, bleeding, and tissue decay. the resulting disease is schistosomiasis and it is very fatal |
| about 5,000 species of tapeworms make up what class? | they make up the Cestoda |
| how do tapeworms enter their hosts? | if the hosts eats raw or undercooked food containing eggs or larvae |
| what are the effects of the tapeworm? | it can cause digestive problems, weight loss, lack of energy, and anemia (decrease in the number of red cells in the blood) |
| what is the scolex? | knob shaped organ on the tapeworm that has hooks and suckers to attach to to hosts |
| what are proglottids? | the long series of body sections on the tapeworm |
Created by:
dealba24
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