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evo bio ch 1 n 2

evo bio 1

QuestionAnswer
Plato believed that existence was at two levels, Ideal and material.
Ideal- where all is perfect. this level is unchanging.
Material- a flawed,distorted, shadows of the ideal level. This is all that we directly see.
Aristotle Student of Plato that later rejected most of his philosophy, to him, the ideal wasn't separated from the real.
Aristotle suggested that we should use what method to acquire knowledge? observation.
Aristotle is regarded as the father of biology as he, along with other Greeks began the scientific method and began to classify organisms in groups.
Teleology that a form is there for a function(purpose)
Aristotle's early classifying system was called the 'Scala naturae' Which later was recast as 'The great chain of being' in Christian Europe organizing organisms at different levels from Rocks>organisms>Humans>God etc.
Archetype universally understood.
Homology comparative biology
natural theology is a branch of theology based on reason and ordinary experience
natural theology grew in C. europe and they assumed that.. -The earth was very young <10k - All life was created individually by god.
Carolus Linnaeus Classified species based on grouping shared traits giving each species a latinized binominal name.(Kingdom, Phyla, Class...)
Buffon Developed a species concept that stated: A species is a kind that cannot successfully interbreed with another species. And puzzled over why places tend to have their own species.
Fossils were interpreted in various ways as.. -organisms left over form the creation -jokes of nature -preserved remains of past life
Georges Cuvier Came up with the hypothesis that fossils represent extinct species.Also that rock layers (strata) record a history of the earth
Cuvier believed that rock layers were from sudden upheavals (events) (floods. etc.)Catastrophism* , and that upheavals caused extinctions.
Uniformitarianism geological strata actually found to be laid down gradually
James Hutton Involved in Uniformitarianism
Charles Lyell Father of modern Geology. Helped consolidate uniformitarianism > solid geological science.
Superposition Geological layers deposited form the bottom to top.
Succession Extinction and replacement of species on the fossil record.
Lamrakian evolution:Inheritance of acquired characteristics.. ..- by doing the things they do, animals became better at doing it down the line. Ex: giraffes neck getting longer by the generation.
Geology the science that deals with the earth
Anatomy science concerned with bodily structures
Epigenesis The theory, now generally held, that an embryo develops progressively from an undifferentiated egg cell.
transmutation evolution
Charles Darwin the first individual to propose a natural mechanism for evolution. Natural selection.
Natural selection The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
The galapagos islands were volcanic so that means they didnt always exist so.. its plants and animals has emigrated from S.America, yet they were unique species.
Giant tortoises shell shape adapted to.. reach vegetation of different height on different islands.
Darwin published a report on the origin of species> Wallace had been working on the same theory
The major steps of evolution by natural selection All popul.ten to over reproduce but the environment restricts size of population
populations grow geometrically, resources can only grow... arithmetically
Survival is not random. Natural selection selects varieties who.. are more fit to survive and reproduce.
Adaptation the population is seen to gradually change(adapt/evolve) because the more fit' leave more descendants.
Artificial selection human selection for traits humans want.
when populations are isolated.. they can change in 2 different ways.This is seen a species branching from a common ancestor.
Created by: awahay
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