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Chp. 1
key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science | the process of using observations and experiments to draw evidence- based conclusions. |
| Anecdotal Evidence | an informal observation that has not been systematically tested. |
| Peer Review | a process in which independent scientific experts read scientific studies before their publication to ensure that the authors have appropriately designed & interpreted their study. |
| Hypothesis | a testable and falsifiable explanation for a scientific observation or question. |
| Testable | a hypothesis is testable if it can be supported or rejected by carefully designed experiments or non-experimental studies. |
| Falsifiable | describes a hypothesis that can be ruled out by data that show that the hypothesis does not explain the observation. |
| Experiment | a carefully designed test, the results of which will either support or rule out a hypothesis. |
| Experimental Group | the group in an experiment that experiences the experimental intervention or manipulation. |
| Control Group | the group in an experiment that experiences no experimental intervention or manipulation. |
| Placebo | a fake treatment given to control groups to mimic the experience of the experimental groups. |
| Placebo Effect | the effect observed when members of a control group display a measurable response to a placebo because they think that they are receiving a “real” treatment. |
| Independent Variable | the variable, or factor, being deliberately changed in the experimental group. |
| Dependent Variable | the measured result of an experiment, analyzed in both the experimental and control groups. |
| Sample Size | the number of experimental subjects or the number of times an experiment is repeated. In human studies, sample size is the number of subjects. |
| Statistical Significance | a measure of confidence that the results obtained are “real,” rather than due to random chance. |
| Scientific Theory | a hypothesis that is supported by many years of rigorous testing and thousands of experiments. |
| Epidemiology | the study of patterns of disease in populations, including risk factors. |
| Correlation | a consistent relationship between two variables. |
| Randomized Clinical Trial | a controlled medical experiment in which subjects are randomly chosen to receive either an experimental treatment or a standard treatment (or placebo). |
Created by:
kbtwomey
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