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DF LEP Bio Midterm
DF LEP Bio Midterm Exam Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biology | the study of living and once living things |
| control | standard used to compare during an experiment, the norm |
| data | recorded facts or measurements from an experiment |
| experiment | a series of steps, with controlled conditions used to test a hypothesis |
| hypothesis | a statement that can be tested, your best guess |
| scientific method | series of steps used to solve problems |
| variable | causes a change observed in an experiment |
| theory | a hypothesis that has been tested over and over again by many scientists, with similar results each time |
| technology | the use of scientific discoveries to solve every day problems |
| reproduce | to form offspring similar to the parents |
| development | all the changes that occur as a living thing grows |
| consumers | living things that eat, or consume, other living things |
| producers | living things that make, or produce, their own food |
| cellular respiration | the process by which food is broken down and energy is released |
| cell | the basic unit of a living things |
| cell theory | 1. All organisms are made of one or more cells 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure & function in living things 3. All cells come from other cells |
| adaptation | a trait thta makes a lving thing better able to survive |
| macromolecule | large organic molecules including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates & nucleic acids |
| compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new properties |
| element | pure substances composed of extremely small particles called atoms |
| the 6 important elements that make up living things | C O H N S P |
| protein | organic molecule uses to build and repair body parts, makes up enzymes & hormones C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S |
| carbohydrate | nutrients that supply you with energy C, H + O |
| lipid | organic molecules making up fats, oils & waxes C, H + O |
| nucleic acid | organic molecule making up DNA & RNA C, H, O, N, + P |
| cohesion of water molecules | Water attracted to other water molecules because of polar properties |
| adhesion of water molecules | Water attracted to other materials |
| cell membrane | the cell part that gaves the cell chape and holds the cytoplasm |
| nucleus | the cell part that controls most of the cell's activities |
| nuclear membrane | a structure that surrounds the nucleous and separates it from the rest of the cell |
| nucleolus | the cell part that helps to make ribosomes |
| chromosomes | cell parts with informatin that determines what traits a living thing will have |
| cytoplasm | the clres, jellylike material between the cell membrane and nucleous that makes up most of the cell |
| ribosomes | cell parts where proteins are made |
| mitochondria | cell parts that produce energy from food that has been digested |
| lysosomes | animal cell part that destroys toxic substances and recycles worn-out cell parts(contain enzymes) |
| vacuoles | a liquid-filled space that stores food, water, and minerals |
| centrioles | cell parts that help with cell reproduction |
| golgi bodies | cell part that packages molecules, preparing them to be transported |
| cell wall | the thick, outer covering outside the cell membrane |
| chloroplasts | cell parts that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a canal-like system in cells for transport and other processes |
| prokaryotic cells | cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, ex. bacteria |
| eukaryotic cells | cells that contain a nucleus and organelles surrounded by a membrane, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. Includes plants, animals, protists and fungi |
| bacteria | very small, prokaryotic, one-celled monerans |
| sexual reproduction | the reproducing of a living thing using genetic information from two parents |
| asexual reporduction | the reproducing of a living thing from only one parent |
| semi-permeable membrane | only allows some materials are able to enter and leave the cell |
| diffusion | the net movement of (small) molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules across the cell membrane |
| active transport | uses "transport" proteins to pump molecules across the cell membrane, requires energy |
| cell organization | cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism |
| tissue | A group of the same kind of cells which work together to perform a specific activity |
| organ | different tissues group together to carry out specialized functions |
| organ system | Several organs and tissues work together to carry out a particular set of functions in a coordinated way |
| organism | AKA living thing |
| flagella | whip like tail used for movement for some cells |
| enzyme | proteins used to speed up specific chemical reactions |
| photosynthesis | process of converting light energy into chemical energy |
| glucose | a simple sugar, produced by photosynthesis |
| carbon dioxide | compound that is a waste product of cellular respiration and a raw material of photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll | green chemical that traps sunlight, stored in chloroplast |
| cancer | a disease in which body cells reproduce at an abnormally fast rate |
| mitosis | division of the nucleus during in the reproduction of body cells |
| sex cells | AKA gametes, includes sperm and egg (ova) cells |
| body cells | cells that make up most of the body, such as the skin, blood, bones, and stomach |
| sister chromatids | the chromosome and it's exact copy attached by a centromere |
| interphase | part of cell's cycle that includes growth, performing cell specific functions & preparation for mitosis |
| cytokinesis | complete separation of the cytoplasm after mitosis, last part of cell division |
| meiosis | cell division that produces sex cells having haploid # of chromosomes |
| breeding | the bringing together of two living things to produce offspring |
| DNA | a molecule that makes up genes and determines the traits of all living things |
| m-RNA | carries message from DNA to ribosome |
| t-RNA | carries amino acids to ribosome |
| fraternal twins | "roommates", 2 different fertilized eggs developing together in the uterus |
| identical twins | "clones", the result of one fertilized egg completely separating |
| gene therapy | use of genetic information for treatment |
| genetic code | the code that translates the DNA language into the protein language |
| nucleotide | basic unit of DNA & RNA, includes a sugar, acid and nitrogen base |
| nitrogen base | the chemicals that form the rungs (steps) of a DNA molecule |
| mutation | any change in the genetic message |
| radiation | energy that is given off by atoms |
| recombinant DNA | the DNA that is formed when DNA from one organism is put into the DNA of another organism |
Created by:
dfranek
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