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Biology Unit 2a
Enzymes and Digestion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pathogen | a disease causing organism or virus |
| antibiotics | a medicine that inhibits the growth of bacterial micro organisms |
| prokaryotic cell | cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles |
| eukaryotic cell | cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles |
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants use the sun’s energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose |
| nucleus | the part of the cell that houses the DNA |
| DNA | molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acid the contains the sugar deoxyribose (it has all you body’s instructions for life) |
| ribosomes | cluster of tiny organelles that construct proteins within a cell |
| rough ER | an organelle that is constructed of membranes studded with ribosomes. It is responsible for producing proteins and packaging them in vesicles |
| smooth ER | an organelle lacking ribosomes that builds lipid molecules |
| vacuole | storage vesicles the reserve food/water/and waste products within a cell |
| cell membrane | the membrane the surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell (aka plasma membrane) |
| cell wall | a rigid outer layer found in plant cells that surrounds the cell membrane and protects the contents of the cell (also provides the cell’s structure) |
| phospholipid bilayer | a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins which has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail |
| Golgi apparatus | cellular organelle that modifies/stores/and routes cell products such as proteins. |
| vesicle | small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into / out of / and within a cell |
| lysosome | a small cellular organelle that breaks down food |
| “the membrane pathway within a cell” | after proteins leave the Golgi bodies the exit in a sectary vesicle which fuses with the cell wall and expels the proteins into the body |
| dynamic equilibrium | the constant motion of molecules moving in one direction are equal to the number of molecules moving in the opposite direction |
| hypertonic environment | having a very high concentration of solute and a very low concentration of water |
| hypotonic environment | having low concentration of solute and a very high concentration of water |
| isotonic environment | having an equal concentration of solute and water |
| passive transport | diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules and no energy to be expended by the cell |
| active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell |
| exocytosis | process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane |
| Endocytosis | process of taking in large materials into the cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane |
Created by:
hannabella16
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