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biology mid term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Catabolism | the breaking down in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones, with the release of energy |
| metabolism | all of the bodys processes together |
| anabolism | the synthesis in living organisms of more complex substances from simpler ones |
| density | mass/volume |
| rough endoplasmic reticlulum | highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis |
| golgi apparatus | part of a cell that packages |
| nucleus | center of a atom , contains nutrons and protons |
| ribosomes | simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins |
| cytoplasm | gel like substance in cell that holds everything in place |
| interphase | first stage of the cell cycle during which a cell grows, matures,and replicates DNA |
| prophase | first stage of mitosis during which the cell's chromatin condenses into chromosomes |
| metaphase | second stage of mitosis in which motor proteins pull sister chromatids to the cells equator |
| anaphase | third stage of mitosis in which sister chromatids are pulled apart and microtubules along with motor proteins move the chomosomes to opposite poles of the cell. |
| telophase | last stage of mitosis in which nucleoli reappear |
| S phase | cell duplicates its DNA |
| cell cycle | process of cellular reproduction occuring in the three main stages |
| DNA | dioxy ribo nucleac acid |
| mitosis | nuclear division |
| cancer | rapid un-controlled cell division |
| growth | multiplying |
| G1 phase | During this stage new organelles are being synthesized |
| G2 phase | During this phase cells grow in size, prepare for and synthesize proteins |
| centromeres | cell structure that joins two sister chromatids |
| spindle fibers | strands connected by centrioles |
| procedure | A series of steps by which a desired result is accomplished |
| conclusion | inculdes hypothesis,specific data and what went wrong |
| osmosis | water moving across membrane |
| active transport | move across cell ; uses energy |
| cell theory | states that one organism are made of one or more cells |
| endocytosis | surrounds and brings in |
| exocytosis | energy requiring process by which a cell expels waste and secretes substance at the plasma membrane |
| transmission electron microscope | electron microscopy in which electrons are transmitted through the object to be imaged, suffering energy loss by diffraction and to a small extent by absorption |
| scanning electron microscope | high-energy beam of electrons in a raster scan pattern. The electrons interact with the atoms that make up the sample producing signals that contain information |
| scanning probe microscope | extremely high resolution profilometre |
| Anton von leeuwenhoek | invented the microscope |
| photosynthesis | two phase anabolic pathway in which the suns light energy is converted to chemical energy |
| pigment | chemicles that provide color |
| chloroplast | organelle in plant cells |
| glucose | sugar produced during photosynthesis |
| ATP | Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate has 3 energy |
| Calorie | unit used to measure the energy content of food |
| ribose | sugar found in RNA |
| species | group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| transcription | process in which mRNA is synthesized from the template DNA |
| translation | process in which mRNA it attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled |
| replication | The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA. |
| nucleotide | sugar,phosphate,base |
| scientific method | A method of procedure that has characterized natural science |
| cytokinesis | cell dividing |
| centrioles | Centrioles are involved in the organization of the mitotic spindle and in the completion of cytokinesis |
| hypothesis | your prediction on the experement |
| dominant | An organism that expresses the dominant gene or allele (Aa AA) |
| recessive | A recessive allele or trait (aa) |
| homozygous | two of the same alleles |
| heterozygous | two different alleles |
| trait | Characteristics or attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes |
| variable | every well designed experiment has one of these |
| theory | proving your hypothesis |
| meter= | 100cm |
| molecule | An extremely small particle or substance, especially at cellular or structural level, as a biomolecule. |
| electron | negativly charged part of an atom |
| atom | The fundamental building block of a chemical element |
| pH | a scale used to measure acids and bases |
| proteins | A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds |
| plymers | large molecule with smaller parts |
| amino acids | The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. |
| nucleic acids | The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. |
| carbohydrate | Any of the group of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| dehydration synthesis | taking away water |
| radioactive isotopes | tells how old fossils are |
| prokaryotes | has no nucleus |
| eukaryotes | have a nucleus |
| lysosome | rids of worn out stuff in the cell |
| cell wall | organelle found in plants not animals |
| tissue | group of cells working together |
| organ | group of tissues |
| organism | group of organs |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate has 2 energy |
| vaculoes | organelle that stores things |
| nuclear envelope | surrounds DNA and holds it in |
| yields | arrow in a biological formula |
| chromosomes | A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a threadlike linear strand of DNA bonded to various proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, or as a circular strand of DNA |
| codons | 3 messanger RNA's in a row |
| anticodon | 3 bases on the tranfer RNA |
| polypeptide | string of amino acids |
| nitogenous base | made of sugar and nitrogen |
| cytosine | pairs with guanine |
| uracil | is only found in RNA but is compared with adnine |
| thymine | compared with guanine |
| adenine | compared with thymine or uracil |
| guanine | compared with thymine |
| autotrophs and producers | can make food by themselfs |
| carnivores | eat meat |
| detritivores | get nutrients from dead things |
| herbivores | get nutrients from plants |
| producers | can make food |
| temperate forest | main biome in PA |
| tropical rain forest | over three in. of rain |
| taiga | biome defined by mostly pine |
| biome | biotic area , measured by temp |
| DDT | chemical that caused problems for birds |
| biological magnification | process of eating toxic waste |
| algae bloom | to much nitrogen, not enough oxygen causes algae |
| snakehead fish | local invasive species |
| blood types | three different alleles A,B,Ab, O (recessive) |
| natural selection | more fit to reproduce |
| artificial selection | humans decide what produces |
| fitness | better adapted to the invironment |
| niche | job of an organism in the environment |
| symbol for oxygen | O |
| symbol for hydrogen | H |
| symbol for zinc | Zn |
| symbol for chlorine | Cl |
| symbol for iodoine | I |
| symbol for copper | Cu |
| symbol for magnesium | Mg |
| symbol for florine | Fl |
| symbol for carbon | C |
| symbol for nitrogen | N |
| 100 g = | 100,000 mg |
| 25 KL = | 25,000 L |
| 683mm = | 68.3 cm |
Created by:
laalaa.po26
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