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U1L02 Archaea
AP Biology B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides. | peptidoglycan |
| Describing the group of bacteria that have a cell wall that is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria are usually less toxic than gram-negative bacteria. | gram-positive |
| A short, hairlike appendage of a prokaryotic cell that helps it adhere to the substrate or to other cells. | fimbria |
| An oriented movement toward or away from a stimulus. | taxis |
| A thick-coated, resistant cell produced by some bacterial cells when they are exposed to harsh conditions. | endospore |
| The plasmid form of the F factor. | F plasmid |
| An organism that harnesses light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide. | photoautotroph |
| An organism that uses light to generate ATP but must obtain carbon in organic form. | photoheterotroph |
| An organism that obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances and needs only carbon dioxide as a carbon source. | chemoautotroph |
| An organism that requires organic molecules for both energy and carbon. | chemoheterotroph |
| A catabolic pathway in which inorganic molecules other than oxygen accept electrons at the “downhill” end of electron transport chains. | anaerobic respiration |
| A specialized cell that engages in nitrogen fixation in some filamentous cyanobacteria; also called a heterocyte. | heterocyst |
| A surface-coating colony of one or more species of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation. | biofilm |
| An organism that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea. | extreme halophiles |
| An organism that produces methane as a waste product of the way it obtains energy. All known methanogens are in domain Archaea. | methanogen |
| An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct and intimate contact. | symbiosis |
| A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit. | mutualism |
| A symbiotic relationship in which one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of another, the host, by living either within or on the host. | parasitism |
| An organism, virus, viroid, or prion that causes disease. | pathogen |
| A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die. | endotoxin |
| A toxic protein that is secreted by a prokaryote or other pathogen and that produces specific symptoms, even if the pathogen is no longer present. | exotoxin |
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