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Earthquakes
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Faulting | A break in the earth's crust |
| Earthquake | The shaking and trembling that results from the sudden movement of part of the Earth's crust |
| How long is the San Andreas fault? | 900 km long, from the boarder of Mexico past San Francisco |
| What type of fault is the san andreas fault? | Strike-slip fault West-> North East-> South |
| What causes tsunamis? | Seafloor quakes, vertical movement of the ocean floor |
| How fast can tsunamis travel? | 700-800 km/hr |
| How tall can tsunamis be? | Up to 60 ft (range from inches to feet) |
| Focus | Where the rock breaks and the seismic waves begin |
| Epicenter | Point on the surface directly above the focus |
| Seismic waves | Earthquake waves |
| P waves (Primary waves) | Arrive first and travel through solids, liquids, and gases |
| How do P waves travel? | Longitudinally (push-pull waves) |
| S waves (Secondary waves) | Arrive second and travel through solids only |
| How do S waves travel? | In an S pattern, transversely, up-down |
| L waves (Surface waves) | Arrive last, they are the slowest moving and most damaging |
| How do L waves travel? | In a circular motion |
| How have we gathered information on earthquakes? Where has it come from? | Complex instruments and earthquakes |
| At what depth do P waves slow down and S waves disappear? | 2900 km |
| At what depth do P waves begin to move more rapidly again? | 5150 km |
| By observing the change in speed of seismic waves, what can scientists conclude? | That the earth is made of layers, and that some layers are solid and some are liquid |
| Lag time | The difference in arrival times between P waves and S waves |
| The greater the lag time, the greater the... | Distance away from the quake |
| Seismograph | Instrument that detects and measures seismic waves |
| Seismologists | People who study earthquakes |
| Seismogram | Record of the waves strength; The higher the wave, the stronger the quake |
| Richter scale | Determines the strength of the quake |
| What is the minimum of seismograph stations needed to locate the epicenter of an earthquake? | 3 |
| Mercalli scale | Rates earthquake by amount and type of damage |
| Fault scarp | Area of great vertical offset along a strike of fault |
Created by:
elarocco
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