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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dominant | Masks the expression of the recessive trait. |
| F1 generation | The first filial generation; offspring of the P or parental generation. |
| F2 generation | The second filial generation; offspring from the self-pollination of the F1 generation. |
| gametes | Haploid cells involved in sexual reproduction, such egg and sperm. |
| genetics | The study of inheritance. |
| Punnett square | Visual representation of a genetic cross that helps predict the expected ratios in the offspring, first described by Reginald C. Punnett in the early 20th century. |
| recessive | Expression is masked by the dominant factor (allele); only expressed if both factors are recessive. |
| autosomes | The chromosome other than the sex chromosomes. |
| carrier | A person who is heterozygous for a recessive genetic disorder; the person does not have the disease but can pass the disease allele to the next generation. |
| sex-linked trait | A trait that is due to a gene located on a sex chromosome, usually the X-chromosome. |
| allele | An alternative form of a gene. |
| co-dominance | A pattern of inheritance where both alleles are equally expressed. |
| genotype | The genetic makeup of a cell or organism, defined by certain alleles for a particular trait. |
| homozygous | Having identical alleles for a particular trait. |
| heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a particular trait. |
| incomplete dominance | A pattern of inheritance where the offspring has a phenotype that is halfway between the two parents’ phenotypes. |
| phenotype | The physical appearance that is a result of the genotype. |
| polygenic inheritance | A pattern of inheritance where the trait is controlled by many genes and each dominant allele has an additive effect. |