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Biology Chapter 40/2
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lymph | fluid that resembles plasma |
| Lymphatics | network of lymphatic vessels |
| Pathogens | disease-causing organisms |
| Lymphoid Tissues | lymphoid organs |
| Lymphocytes | supporting phagocytic cells |
| Lymphadema | Blockage of lymphatic drainage |
| Cytotoxic T cells | responsible for cell mediated immunity |
| Helper T cells | stimulates responses of T and B cells |
| Supressor T cells | inhibit T cell and B cell activities |
| Thymus | located just posterior to the sternum |
| Spleen | contains red and white pulp |
| Viruses | non cellular pathogens |
| antigentibody | when antibodies bind to their corresponding antigen |
| Superficial | lymphatics are located in the subcutaneous layer of skin |
| innate | immunity if genetically determined |
| Antibiotics | compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of humans or animals |
| Antiviral drugs | inhibit the ability of the virus to invade cells and reproduce |
| Immune system | the body's primary defense agains pathogens |
| Nospecific | prvents pathogens from entering the body |
| Specific | destroys harmful pathogens that enter the body |
| body's first line of defense includes | skin, mucs, sweat, tears |
| Most important nonspecific defense | skin |
| activates B cells | autoimmune disease |
| Lysosome | contained in body secretions, kills bacteria |
| Inflammatory response | nonspecific reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. blood vessels expand, white blood cells leak |
| Phagocytes | engulf and destroy bacteria |
| Fever | elevated body temperature. kills many pathogens and speeds up white blood cell action. |
| Interferon | protein that helps fight viral infections |
| Immune response | series of specific defenses that attack the disease-causing agent |
| Antigen | substance that triggers the immune response |
| Humoral immunity | response to pathogens in body fluids. depends on lymphocytes. involves antibodies and plasma cells |
| Antibody | protein that helps destroy pathogens. it and the clump of viruses attached attract phagocytes. fight viruses and bacteria |
| B cell | produces antibodies |
| T cell | assists plasma cells |
| Plasma cells | specialized b cells |
| Vaccination | an injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity. they produce active immunity b/c the body of the recipient has the ability to surmount an immediate active immune response against the infection |
| Allergy | an overreaction of the immune system caused by antigens |
| Asthma | a condition in which smooth msucle contractions reduce the size of air passageways in the lungs and make breathing very difficult. triggered by a particular antigen |
| An autoimmune disease is produced when | the immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body's own cells |
| Rheumatic fever | attacks heart |
| Juvenile-onset diabetes | attacks pancreas cells |
| Multiple sclerosis | myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers. |
| AIDS (Aquired Inmmune Deficiency Syndrome) | type of disease where the immune system is weakened by infection |
| HIV attacks | helper T cells |
| HIV virus | spread by sexual contact, sharing needles, contact with infected blood or other body fluids. |
| Cancer | life threatening, cells multiply uncontrollably and destroy healthy tissue. begins when something goes wrong with the controls that regularly regulate growth/division. |
| Tumor | mass of growing tissue. can be malignant or benign |
| Benign | does not spread |
| Malignant | can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue or spread to other parts of body |
| Metastasis | The spread of cancerous tumors beyond their original site. |
| Cancer cells cause illness by | absorbing nutrients needed by other cells, blocking nerve connections, and preventing organs they invade from functioning |
| Genetic defects | may be inherited, caused by viruses, or the result of mutations which can occur spontaneously or be produced by radiation (sun) or chemicals |
| Cancer causing virus | HPV |
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numchuckskillz
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