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antibiotics 220
Antibiotics
Answer |
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Aminoglycosides: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis Broad spectrum, gram neg. bacteria (pseudomonas, E.coli) Garamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, neomycin • Nephro and ototoxicity • Monitor BUN & Creatinine Agranulocytosis (CBC) |
Vancomycin Peak & trough Monitor for red-man syndrome Monitor for toxicity: ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity |
Penicillins: Inhibits cell-wall synthesis Broad spectrum Drug of choice for strep infections Amoxil, amoxicillin, methicillin, nafcillin, pipercillin, augmentin, unasyn, zosyn Cross-sensitivity to cephalosporins |
Cephalosporins: 1st, 2nd, 3rd generations- Ceclor, ancef, cefobid, mefoxin, cefazolin, rocephin |
Aminoglycosides: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis Broad spectrum, gram neg. bacteria (pseudomonas, E.coli) Garamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, neomycin • Nephro and ototoxicity • Monitor BUN & Creatinine Agranulocytosis (CBC) |
Tetracyclines: Inhibits protein synthesis Broad spectrum Vibramycin, Minomycin, Teramycin Best to avoid during pregnancy, nursing, & small children Anemia & hepatoxicity (what labs?) Take with meals Stay upright 30 minutes after |
Macrolides: Inhibits protein synthesis preventing replication Erythromycin, invanz, azithromycin, zithromax Assess liver function Report persistent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or stomach cramps |
Oxazolidinones Bactericidal-Streptococci Bacteriostatic-Enterococci & Staphylococci Zyvox, Linezolid Tx: pneumonia, skin infections, drug resistant staph infections, VRE Monitor for pseudomembranous colitis (C-diff) and thro |
Fluoroquinolones: Disrupts bacterial DNA & inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis Broad spectrum- Cipro, Levaquin, floxin, trovan, moxifloxacin PO or IV Cipro avoid Ca fortified foods and supplements interferes with absorption Q 24 hours Avoid |
Flagyl: Disrupts bacterial DNA & inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis Tx: anaerobic bacterial infections & some parasites GI, preop GI surgery C-Diff High in Na+ Not good for CHF or renal disease patients |
Sulfonamides: Prevents folic acid & RNA synthesis Broad spectrum Bactrim Septra (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) Sulfadiazine Drink 6-8 glasses of water daily Prevent crystalluria Photosensitive |
Antivirals: inhibits viral replication acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), famcyclovir (Famvir) Herpes, chickenpox, shingles Not a cure; decreases pain and itching Assess for nephro and ototoxicity |