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pathologynotes1
beginning of pathology terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the internal stability of the body? | Homeostasis: |
| what is the abnormal condition causing measurable changes in structure and function? | Pathology: |
| what is the development of disease in stages? | Pathogenesis: |
| When all systems and organs function, the body does what? | maintains an internal stability of homeostasis. |
| What causes a pathologic state? | when body systems or organs can no longer maintain normal processes |
| what is the Internal equilibrium? | Systemic health: |
| what is the inability to adapt to internal/external stressors or challenges? | Disease state: |
| What is a defined collection of signs and symptoms that characterize a condition | Syndrome: |
| When the internal equilibrium is disrupted and the body is no longer able to adapt to internal and external challenges, what happens? | a disease state develops |
| How long does it take for a disease state to develop? | it can be quite variable - from hours to days, weeks, or even months.) |
| what are abnormal objective findings? Examples: redness, swelling, purulent discharge, fever | Signs |
| what are subjective patient reports Examples: difficulty swallowing, pain, fatigue, headache | Symptoms |
| The collection of objective findings (signs) is compared with the subjective patient reports (symptoms) to give what? | an overall clinical impression or presentation |
| what is it when the onset is usually abrupt ? -symptoms present themselves over hours to days duration brief (<6 months) | Acute Illness |
| what is it when the onset is slower? -symptoms persist from acute/subacute phases duration indefinite (> 6 months) | Chronic Illness |
| what can be quite time-limited? -examples: a common cold or a bout of influenza, and more severe, like a heart attack or appendicitis. Illnesses such as hernias may present more slowly over a period of days or months | Acute illnesses: |
| what can start out as an acute illness that does not resolve? -example:sinusitus. | Chronic illness: |
| Some illnesses can be, what? | chronic conditions with recurrent, acute exacerbations, such as asthma or sickle cell anemia. |
| what are changes in the genetic code? | Genetic mutations: |
| what are passed from one generation to the next may occur spontaneously? | genetic mutations |
| what may be caused by agents that disrupt the normal DNA sequence? | genetic mutations |
| What are mutagens? | Agents that can damage DNA, including certain chemicals, radiation, and viruses. |
| When a genetic disease occurs spontaneously, what happens? | there will not be a family history of the disease that can be traced |
| what is the single abnormal gene on only one of a chromosomes of a pair. | autosomal dominant |
| what is the same abnormal gene present on both chromosomes of a pair? | autosomal recessive |
| what is an abnormal gene that is only located on a X chromosome? | x-linked (sex-linked) recessive |
| hunington's disease & marfan's syndrome are examples of what disease? | autosomal dominant disease |
| cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia are examples of what disease? | autosomal recessive disease |
| hemophilia and some forms of muscular dystrophy are examples of what disease? | x-linked recessive disease |
| (infection) Pathogenic agents include? | bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa |
| What types of treatments are used for infections caused by common pathogens? | Treatment of infection must be specific to the type of pathogen identified or suspected. |
| what are some examples of treatment of infection? | Antibiotics and antivirals |
| what are used for bacterial infections and must be specific to the subtype of bacteria? | Antibiotics |
| what are used for viruses? | antivirals |
| (infection) what are the body’s defense systems against infection? | natural mechanical and chemical barriers, inflammatory response, immune response. |
| What is an example of a mechanical barrier? | The skin is the ultimate mechanical barrier that keeps us safe from a multitude of pathogens. |
| What is an example of a chemical barrier? | Chemical barriers include such things as the body pH, which creates a hostile environment and prevents certain organisms from successfully taking over. |
| (inflammation&repair) How is an acute inflammatory response marked by? | Redness, Heat, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function |
| Why does acute inflammation occur? | It is a normal protective physiologic response to tissue injury and disease. |
| What is an acute inflammation? | an exudative response, attempts to wall off, destroy, and digest bacteria and dead or foreign tissue. |
| Acute inflammatory response can be inhibited by? | Immune disorders, Chronic illness, Medications (especially steroids) |
| A chronic inflammatory response may what? | damage the affected tissue and inhibit the healing process. |
| examples of chronic inflammatory are? | rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis |
Created by:
a.quimbaya1
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