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AP Focus 17
Animal Physiology: Heart Contraction and Blood Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where contraction of the mammalian heart begins | Right atrium |
| A heart that has the pacemaker located within the heart itself (mammalian heart) | Myogenic heart |
| A heart that has the motor nerves located outside the heart as a pacemaker | Neurogenic heart |
| Located in the right atrium wall near the superior vena cava and initiates the entire sequence of heart contraction | Sinoatirial node (SA) or pacemaker |
| Located in the lower right wall of the right atrium, is a node of specialized muscle tissue that slows the impulse down for 0.1 secs to ensure the complete emptying of the atria | AV node |
| AV node sends the impulse through this, a tissue node that passes in between both ventricles then branches out to both ventricles | Bundle of His |
| Extensions off the bundle of His reaching the tip of the heart and back around the ventricles causing ventricle contractions | Purkinjie fibers |
| Electrodes giving a readout, monitors the electrical impulse that occur during the contraction sequence | Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
| Create the initial arc on an EKG | Electrical contraction of the atria |
| These snap shut to prevent backflow (hear "lup" sound of heart) | AV Valves |
| Can cause the sharp spike of the EKG, create systolic pressure | Electrical contraction of the atria |
| Maximum pressure in the arteries | Systolic pressure |
| As these shut, you hear the "dup" sound of the heart | Semilunar valves |
| The minimum pressure exerted on the artery walls as blood flows into the narrow diameter arterioles before the next ventricle contraction | Diastolic pressure |
| Where blood pressure drops to near zero | Capillaries |
| How blood is returned to the heart | Muscle contraction presses fluid into the veins and then along veins back to the heart or lymphatic capillaries and veins collect additional fluid in a similar fashion and return it via two ducts located by the shoulders |
| How backflow is prevented | One way valves |
| Filter body fluids and can serve as conduits for immune response | Specialized lymph nodes |
| Four basic components of blood | Erythrocytes (red blood cells), Leukocytes (white blood cells), Platelets, and Plasma |
| Another name for red blood cells | Erythrocytes |
| Another name for white blood cells | Leukocytes |
| Percentage of blood cells by volume, detects conditions such as anemia | Hematocritanalysis |
| Nucleus lacking cells that use hemoglobin to transport oxygen and can also convert CO2 and water to bicarbonate | Erythrocytes (red blood cells) |
| Five types of disease fighting cells | Leukocytes (white blood cells) |
| The five types of disease fighting cells | Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes |
| Cell fragments that can release factors that convert fibrinogen into fibrin that will create a mesh of proteins to stop blood flow from an injured site | Platelets |
| Liquid portion of the blood (about 90% water), but also contains vital dissolved ions (electrolytes) like sodium or potassium, plasma proteins like fibrinogen, hormones, and nutrients from digestion | Plasma |
Created by:
AliRutherford
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